Composition of organic matter in particle‐size fractions of an agricultural soil

Schulten, H.‐R.; Leinweber, Peter; Sorge, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1993.tb02332.x

Cited by 81 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Silt content is more strongly correlated with SOM than clay content. This broadly accords with findings in Canadian Gleysols (Schulten et al, 1993). Furthermore, both fine and medium silt fractions have stronger correlations than the clay and coarse silt size fractions.…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter and Texture Associationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Grass ley set‐aside and soil organic matter dynamics on sandy soils in Shropshire, UK

Fullen

Booth

2006

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Special Issue: The Use of vegetation for erosion control and environmental Protection. Metadata only.Erosion plot studies at the Hilton Experimental Site, Shropshire, UK, evaluated the effects of set-aside on runoff, erosion and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. Ten runoff plots (slope angles 7-15°) were put to a grass ley in April 1991. Runoff and erosion rates during nine years were low, despite the occurrence of potentially erosive rains. Mean runoff was 0·24 per cent of precipitation (SD = 0·20, n = 89 plot years), compared with a 15-year mean value of 0·13 per cent (SD = 0·04) on permanent (control) grassland. The mean plot erosion rate was 0·21 t ha-1 a-1 (SD = 0·14, n = 69 plot years). Mean SOM content increased consistently and sign fi a tly on the set-aside plots, by a mean value of 1·07 per cent by weight (i.e. 1·07 g per 100 g of soil) in ten ye rs, from 2·04 per cent (1991) to 3·11 per cent (2001). Soil erodibility after six years of set-aside (sampling date 24 April 1997) was determined using a drip-screen rainfall simulator. Soil aggregate stability was higher on the grassed soils, compared with set-aside and bare arable soils. Despite no significant (P > 0·05) differences be w en grassland and set-asid oils, both these treatments were s gnificantly (P < 0·001) diff rent from bare soils. Contrary to the usually strong relationship between SOM and clay content, the percentage silt (r = 0·52, P < 0·001, n = 50) exhibited a stronger correlation with SOM than percentage clay content (r = 0·37, P < 0·01, n = 50). Furthermore, there were equally strong correlations between SOM and cumulative particle size fractions of both clay and silt contents (r = 0·51, P < 0·001, n = 50). In the absence of significant quantities of clay in these sandy soils, silts assist binding of SOM, which has significance for assessing soil carbon sequestration potential. Finally, future SOM and soil organic carbon benchmark work at the Hilton Site will improve harmonization of global SOM databases and enhance international estimates of rates and potential for soil carbon sequestration

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Section: Soil Organic Matter and Texture Associationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Grass ley set‐aside and soil organic matter dynamics on sandy soils in Shropshire, UK

Fullen

Booth

2006

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Mass spectrometric analyses of sandassociated organic carbon have revealed that this fraction is almost identical biochemically to recent plant residues, 64 and the labile nature of this carbon pool has been well documented. 24,41,54,58,65 Detailed sampling of surficial (0-10 cm) soils revealed that the isotopic composition of soil organic carbon in grove-dominated portions of the landscape was highly correlated with stand age estimated from counts of annual growth rings in Prosopis glandulosa.…”

Section: Change In Ecosystem Structure: Encroachment Of C 3 Woodlandsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stable isotopes in ecosystem science: structure, function and dynamics of a subtropical savanna

Boutton

Archer

Midwood³

1999

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

140

104

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Stable isotopes are often utilized as intrinsic tracers to study the effects of human land uses on the structural and functional characteristics of ecosystems. Here, we illustrate how stable isotopes of H, C, and O have been utilized to document changes in ecosystem structure and function using a case study from a subtropical savanna ecosystem. Specifically, we demonstrate that: (1) delta 13C values of soil organic carbon record a vegetation change in this ecosystem from C4 grassland to C3 woodland during the past 40-120 years, and (2) delta 2H and delta 18O of plant and soil water reveal changes in ecosystem hydrology that accompanied this grassland-to-woodland transition. In the Rio Grande Plains of North America, delta 13C values of plants and soils indicate that areas now dominated by C3 subtropical thorn woodland were once C4 grasslands. delta 13C values of current organic matter inputs from wooded landscape elements in this region are characteristic of C3 plants (-28 to -25/1000), while those of the associated soil organic carbon are higher and range from -20 to -15/1000. Approximately 50-90% of soil carbon beneath the present C3 woodlands is derived from C4 grasses. A strong memory of the C4 grasslands that once dominated this region is retained by delta 13C values of organic carbon associated with fine and coarse clay fractions. When delta 13C values are evaluated in conjunction with 14C measurements of that same soil carbon, it appears that grassland-to-woodland conversion occurred largely within the past 40-120 years, coincident with the intensification of livestock grazing and reductions in fire frequency. These conclusions substantiate those based on demographic characteristics of the dominant tree species, historical aerial photography, and accounts of early settlers and explores. Concurrent changes in soil delta 13C values and organic carbon content over the past 90 years also indicate that wooded landscape elements are behaving as sinks for atmospheric CO2 by sequestering carbon derived from both the previous C4 grassland and the present C3 woody vegetation. Present day woodlands have hydrologic characteristics fundamentally different from those of the original grasslands. Compared to plants in remnant grasslands, tree and shrub species in the woodlands are rooted more deeply and have significantly greater root biomass and density than grasslands. delta 18O and delta 2H values of plant and soil water confirm that grassland species acquire soil water primarily from the upper 0.5 m of the soil profile. In contrast, trees and shrubs utilize soil water from throughout the upper 4 m of the profile. Thus, soil water that formerly may have infiltrated beyond the reach of the grassland roots and contributed to local groundwater recharge or other hydrologic fluxes may now be captured and transpired by the recently formed woodland plant communities. The natural abundances of stable isotopes revealed fundamental information regarding the impacts of human land use activities on the structure and function of th...

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“…A relação C/N das frações pesadas foi menor que a das frações leves e tendeu a diminuir com a redução do tamanho da partícula mineral associada, conforme observado por Christensen (1992), Schulten et al (1993) e Feller & Beare (1997.…”

Section: Plantio Direto Preparo Convencionalunclassified

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e distribuição de frações orgânicas de latossolo do cerrado sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo

Freixo

Machado

Guimarães

et al. 2002

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de sistemas de cultivo sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e sobre a distribuição de frações (leve e pesada) da matéria orgânica de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em experimento da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão (GO). Os tratamentos amostrados consistiram da combinação de dois sistemas de preparo do solo (plantio direto e aração mais gradagem do solo) com duas rotações: (1) pousio/arroz -pousio/soja e (2) crotalária/arroz -milheto/soja. Como referência, foi amostrada também uma área de Cerrado, nas adjacências do local do experimento. As determinações de C e N das diferentes frações orgânicas foram realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2000. Em relação ao Cerrado, houve uma redução de cerca de 50 % nos teores de C e N dos solos cultivados. Os estoques de C e N nas áreas cultivadas não se mostraram inferiores nas áreas com revolvimento de solo, em relação às áreas sob plantio direto. A maior parte (60-90 %) do carbono mostrou-se associada às frações granulométricas mais finas e a aração do solo aumentou esta tendência. Os teores de C nas frações leves foram reduzidos com a substituição da vegetação de Cerrado pelos agroecossistemas, e essa fração da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) caracterizou-se como o indicador mais sensível das alterações causadas pelos sistemas de cultivo avaliados sobre o teor da MOS.Termos de indexação: matéria orgânica, fracionamento físico, preparo do solo, rotação de culturas, solo sob floresta.

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Composition of organic matter in particle‐size fractions of an agricultural soil

Cited by 81 publications

References 40 publications

Grass ley set‐aside and soil organic matter dynamics on sandy soils in Shropshire, UK

Grass ley set‐aside and soil organic matter dynamics on sandy soils in Shropshire, UK

Stable isotopes in ecosystem science: structure, function and dynamics of a subtropical savanna

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e distribuição de frações orgânicas de latossolo do cerrado sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo

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