Composition of human saliva

Chauncey, Howard H.; Levine, Dylan; Kass, George E.N.; Shwachman, Harry; Henriques, Basil L.; Kulczyeki, L.L.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(62)90119-x

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several investigators have reported elevations in sodium, chloride, and flow rate in cystic fibrosis patients. [1][2][3][4][5] Previous reports from this laboratory on parotid saliva indicated that although "there was a tendency for electrolyte values to be higher in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, only in the case of inorganic phosphorus, however, was this elevation statistically significant. "6 Parotid glycoproteins were not found to be significantly altered in amount or proportion.6 The parot¬ id secretion rate was not significantly ele¬ vated.7 Based on the parameters studied, the parotid gland was considered to be "only slightly affected in cystic fibrosis of the pan¬ creas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Salivary Studies in Cystic Fibrosis

Mandel¹,

Kutscher²,

Denning³

et al. 1967

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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A COMPREHENSIVE examination of the composition of the separately collected parotid and submaxillary secretions affords a convenient means of studying exocrine gland function in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Deviations in composition could arise from alterations in gland structure (hypertrophy, hyperplasia), function (metabolism, protein synthesis, ion transport, cell permeability), neural regulation, or combinations thereof. Elucidation of the aberrant mechanisms responsible for salivary gland abnormality could provide meaningful clues to the basic pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.Studies on parotid saliva have yielded conflicting results. Several investigators have reported elevations in sodium, chloride, and flow rate in cystic fibrosis patients.1-5 Previous reports from this laboratory on parotid saliva indicated that although "there was a tendency for electrolyte values to be higher in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, only in the case of inorganic phosphorus, however, was this elevation statistically significant."6 Parotid glycoproteins were not found to be significantly altered in amount or proportion.6 The parot¬ id secretion rate was not significantly ele¬ vated.7 Based on the parameters studied, the parotid gland was considered to be "only slightly affected in cystic fibrosis of the pan¬ creas."6 In the present investigation addi¬ tional parotid components were examined: The enzymes, amylase and lysozyme and the organic nonelectrolytes, urea and uric acid.These enzymes have been examined in pa¬ rotid saliva in only one study; and this phase was rather preliminary in nature.1There have been no reports on urea and uric acid.In contradistinction to the rather equivo¬ cal results with parotid saliva, very sig¬ nificant deviations in the character and chemistry of submaxillary saliva have been reported. The group studying the submaxil¬ lary secretion noted that with reflex stimu¬ lation, cystic fibrosis patients exhibited tur¬ bidity, elevated nitrogen levels, calcium, fucose, amylase, and ribonuclease.810 These findings seemed worth corroborating in an¬ other and larger group of patients, using (in some instances) different analytic tech¬ niques. Salivary components not previously examined were also investigated. In the present study electrolytes, organic nonelec¬ trolytes, total protein, protein-bound carbo¬ hydrates, amylase, and lysozyme were as¬ sayed. In addition, polyacrylamide gel "disc electrophoresis" was employed as a means of comparing the pattern of submaxillary protein fractions from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas with a control group of children. MethodsThe cystic fibrosis patients studied in the present investigations were selected from an outpatient group regularly attending the Vanderbilt Clinic of the Columbia-Presbyterian Mediceli Center. Selection was based on the availability of an individual at the time of the study. Severity of the disease was not a factor in patient selection. Control individuals, similar in age and sex distribution to the cyst...

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confidence: 89%

Salivary Studies in Cystic Fibrosis

Mandel¹,

Kutscher²,

Denning³

et al. 1967

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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“…One study showed increased salivary flow rates in individuals with CF compared to controls [Barbero and Chernick, 1958], while other studies report decreased salivary flow rates [Wiesmann et al, 1972; Davies et al, 1990] and a recent study showed no significant difference [Peker et al, 2014]. As with the salivary flow rates, the literature is inconsistent regarding salivary pH levels in individuals with CF [Chernick et al, 1961; Chauncey et al, 1962; Boat et al, 1974; Aps et al, 2002; Catalan et al, 2011; Peker et al, 2015]. A recent study found no significant differences in salivary buffering capacity levels between individuals with CF and controls [Peker et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Alkhateeb¹,

Mancl²,

Presland³

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

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“…RNAase is easy to obtain and analyse in different body fluids (3)(4)(5)(6)(7), e.g. the saliva (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ribonuclease in Different Types of Saliva from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

et al. 1985

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The flow rate, the activity of ribonuclease (RNAase) and the concentration of protein were determined in whole saliva and in parotid and submandibular saliva from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from healthy controls, both before and after stimulation of the salivary secretion. Lower flow rates were found in all types of saliva from CF-patients than in control saliva. Increased activity of RNAase was found in CF saliva, both before and after stimulation of the secretion. The concentration of protein was also increased, but to a lesser degree. No correlation was found between either RNAase activity or protein concentration and severity of the disease or age of the children. It is therefore unlikely that these disturbances are secondary to progression of the disease. Considerable variations in RNAase activity and protein concentration were observed, especially within the CF group, and therefore despite the significant increase in these variables in CF their estimation is of limited diagnostic value.

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Composition of human saliva

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Salivary Studies in Cystic Fibrosis

Salivary Studies in Cystic Fibrosis

Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Ribonuclease in Different Types of Saliva from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

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