Composition of Gas Bubbles In Greenland Icebergs

Scholander, P. F.; Hemmingsen, Edvard A.; Coachman, L. K.; Nutt, David C.

doi:10.1017/s0022143000027180

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…I1 a Bt6 suppos6 qu'au moment de la formation de cette glace, un climat g6n6ralement froid aurait frein6 l'activit6 photosynth6tique des plantes vertes sur une grande partie de la terre. D'autres d6terminations (Scholander, Hemmingsen, Coachman et Nutt, 1961) ont montr6 des variations importantes de la composition des gaz contenus dam de la glace d'icebergs et de glaciers (region de Thule). Les teneurs en oxyghne ont 6th trouv6es g6n6ralement plus faibles que la teneur atmosph6rique dans le caa des icebergs et plus fortes dans celui des glaciers.…”

Section: Resultats 331 Air Atmosphdriqueunclassified

“…En dehors des pr6lhvements de bulles locali-s5es 8. l'aide de seringues (Scholander, Kanwisher et Nutt, 1956;Scholander, Hemmingsen, Coachman et Nutt, 1961), on peut proceder 8. une extraction dche des gaz (Coachman, Hemmingsen et Scholander, 1956) refrigerant; 5, ballon de degazege; 6, gamelle; 7, manometre 8, mercure; 8, pompe primaire; 9, pibge pour mercure; 10, pompe secondaire principsle; 11, pompe d'extraction 8, diffusion de vapeur de mercure; 12, rodages pour cellules d'analyse; 13, jauge de MrtcLeod.…”

Section: Extractionunclassified

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Densité de la glace et Étude des gaz en profondeur dans un glacier antarctique

Lorius¹,

DOLLE²

1968

Tellus

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Different measurements have been performed on ice samples taken from a drilling about 100 meters deep in the coastal region of Term Adelie (Antarctica); the mean temperature in the hole was approximately -10°C. The results show that the pressure of gaz inclusions and the density of the ice incream with the depth. The values of the density increase from 0.880 g/cm* to 0.918 g/cm8 while the total volume of air decreases from 10 cma/100 g of ice for the samples taken from the surface to 6 cms/lOO g at a depth of about 80 meters. At a greater depth, in the section of the drilling containing morainic debris, values of approximately 4 cma/lOO g have been found. Lastly, in the blue ice which exists in contact with rock sediments, the volume of air becomes practically nil; this observation confirms that the blue ice has been formed through freezing. The gaz inclusions that are generally spherical show a definite lengthening in the samples taken from a depth of approximately 30 to 60 meters. This is in accordance with the appearance in the drilling of ice from a far-off origin characterized by its deuterium content. The total volume of gaz depends on the place where the ice was formed and the shape of the inclusions is linked to deformations due to ice flow phenomena.The concentrations of carbonic anhydride and argon found in the gaz contained within the ice approach the concentrations found in atmospheric air. The steady variations of about 1 To observed for oxygen proportions (decreasing with the depth) and nitrogen proportions (increasing with the depth) suggest that the composition of the gaz contained within the ice could depend on the conditions prevalent during the formation of this ice, even in the absence of fusion, through adsorption phenomena. Knowledge of the fundamental processes which take part in the formation of gaz inclusions is thus necessary in order to undertake the study of the ancient atmosphere through the gaz contained within the ice. naissance des processus fondamentaux pouvant partir des gaz contenus dans la glace.

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Section: Resultats 331 Air Atmosphdriqueunclassified

Section: Extractionunclassified

Densité de la glace et Étude des gaz en profondeur dans un glacier antarctique

Lorius¹,

DOLLE²

1968

Tellus

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“…It belongs to the natural uranium 23SU decay series but its fate depends on further members of this series, viz. radium 2a6Ra, and most of all on lead 21~ Radon 222Rn is emitted from of Earth's surface and constitutes the general source of atmospheric 219po [5]. The total amount of airborne polonium 21~ depends directly on the amount of lead 21~ supplied and formed in the atmosphere [6,7].…”

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Polonium, uranium and plutonium in the southern Baltic ecosystem

Skwarzec

1999

Czech J Phys

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This paper presents the results of the measurement of polonium, uranium and plutonium alpha radio-nuclides in seawater and biota of the southern Baltic ecosystem as well as the recognition of their accumulation processes in the trophic chain. Investigation of the polonium 21~ and plutonium 239+ 24Opu concentrations in Baltic biota revealed that these radionuclides are strongly accumulated by some species. Mean values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) fell within the range 9.102 to 3.7.104 . The Baltic Sea algae, benthic animals and fish concentrated uranium radioisotopes only to a small extent and mean BCF values for this element range from 1 to 55, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that for polonium and plutonium. Moreover, it was found that Baltic fish constitute an important source of polonium 21~ for humans. IntroductionPolonium was the first element discovered by Maria Sklodowska-Curie when studying pichblende radioactivity from Joachimsthal, Bohemia [1,2]. Polonium is very rare natural element, uranium ores contain only about 100 ~tg of the element per ton [3]. Thirty seven radioisotopes (with isomers) of polonium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 192 to 218 but only seven from them are naturally occurring isotopes [4]. 21~ is the most important natural isotope of polonium. It belongs to the natural uranium 23SU decay series but its fate depends on further members of this series, viz. radium 2a6Ra, and most of all on lead 21~ Radon 222Rn is emitted from of Earth's surface and constitutes the general source of atmospheric 219po [5]. The total amount of airborne polonium 21~ depends directly on the amount of lead 21~ supplied and formed in the atmosphere [6,7]. Close to 4,3 EBq of radon 222Rn is being released from the earth surface every year, from which about 25.5 PBq of the lead isotope 21~ is formed. Apart from polonium 21~ formed by the decay of lead 21~ in the atmosphere, additional amounts are emitted directly from the surface ocean (0.52 PBq) and Earth surface, as a result of forest fires [8] and volcanic eruption [9,10]. The atmosphere also contains a small amount of artificial 21~ and 21~ originating from nuclear weapons and nuclear facilities which are located in the stratosphere. For example, the activity of artificial lead 21~ originating from nuclear weapons in 1962 was estimated to 33 PBq [11]. Polonium 21~ which occurs in the air is precipitated within dry atmospheric fallout, rain and snow, then deposited on the surface of land and oceans. Atmospheric deposition of 21~ lies within a broad range from 5 to 250 MBq m 2 yr 1 [12]. Atmospheric precipitation of 21~ and, to a smaller extent, precipitation of 21~ itself on the surface of seas and oceans are the basic sources of polonium 21~ entering the marine environment. A small amount of 21~ is formed in situ as a result of the radioactive decay of uranium 23Su contained in seawater.

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“…En dehors des pr6lhvements de bulles locali-s5es 8. l'aide de seringues (Scholander, Kanwisher et Nutt, 1956;Scholander, Hemmingsen, Coachman et Nutt, 1961), on peut proceder 8. une extraction dche des gaz (Coachman, Hemmingsen et Scholander, 1956) ou 8. une r6cupdration apres fusion sous vide. Nous avons utilis6 cette dernihre technique (Raynaud, 1966) Une fraction est transferee sous pression connue dans les cellules d'analyse par une nouvelle operation de la pompe de Toepler.…”

Section: Extractionunclassified

Densité de la glace et étude des gaz en profondeur dam un glacier antarctique

Lorius¹,

DOLLE²

1968

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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Different measurements have been performed on ice samples taken from a drilling about 100 meters deep in the coastal region of Term Adelie (Antarctica); the mean temperature in the hole was approximately-10°C. The results show that the pressure of gaz inclusions and the density of the ice incream with the depth. The values of the density increase from 0.880 g/cm* to 0.918 g/cm8 while the total volume of air decreases from 10 cma/100 g of ice for the samples taken from the surface to 6 cms/lOO g at a depth of about 80 meters. At a greater depth, in the section of the drilling containing morainic debris, values of approximately 4 cma/lOO g have been found. Lastly, in the blue ice which exists in contact with rock sediments, the volume of air becomes practically nil; this observation confirms that the blue ice has been formed through freezing. The gaz inclusions that are generally spherical show a definite lengthening in the samples taken from a depth of approximately 30 to 60 meters. This is in accordance with the appearance in the drilling of ice from a far-off origin characterized by its deuterium content. The total volume of gaz depends on the place where the ice was formed and the shape of the inclusions is linked to deformations due to ice flow phenomena. The concentrations of carbonic anhydride and argon found in the gaz contained within the ice approach the concentrations found in atmospheric air. The steady variations of about 1 To observed for oxygen proportions (decreasing with the depth) and nitrogen proportions (increasing with the depth) suggest that the composition of the gaz contained within the ice could depend on the conditions prevalent during the formation of this ice, even in the absence of fusion, through adsorption phenomena. Knowledge of the fundamental processes which take part in the formation of gaz inclusions is thus necessary in order to undertake the study of the ancient atmosphere through the gaz contained within the ice.

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Composition of Gas Bubbles In Greenland Icebergs

Abstract: ABSTRACT. An investigation has been made on the amounts and composition of gases enclmed in West Greenland glaciers ranging from the Thule area near lat. 77°N. to Brede l: Show more

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Densité de la glace et Étude des gaz en profondeur dans un glacier antarctique

Densité de la glace et Étude des gaz en profondeur dans un glacier antarctique

Polonium, uranium and plutonium in the southern Baltic ecosystem

Densité de la glace et étude des gaz en profondeur dam un glacier antarctique

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