Composition of free amino acids and related compounds in invertebrates with symbiotic bacteria at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico

Pruski, Audrey M.; Fiala-Médioni, Aline; Fisher, Charles R.; Colomines, Jean-Charles

doi:10.1007/s002270050700

Cited by 39 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sulfide/sulfate detoxification Large concentrations of two taurine derivativeshypotaurine ( Fig.·2) and thiotaurine -have been reported as major organic components of marine invertebrates living at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (reviewed in Pruski et al, 2000a). We have shown that these solutes are osmolytes in the sense that they create much of the osmotic pressure of cells, and because they effectively replace the common osmolytes (e.g.…”

Section: Antioxidationmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This sulfur-based, non-protein amino acid is a major, often the dominant, osmolyte in many marine invertebrates such as bivalves in shallow waters (Fig.·1, clam shallow bar). It is not clear why this is, nor why taurine contents in at least some marine invertebrates decrease with depth in the oceans (Fig.·1, shallow, 2.9·km and seep bars; Pruski et al, 2000a;Fiess et al, 2002). Taurine is also relatively high in mammalian heart and brain cells, where it can serve as a major osmolyte in severe dehydration (reviewed in Miller et al, 2000;Olson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Metabolic Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, the two taurine derivatives were found in animals (vestimentiferan tubeworms, vesicomyid clams) that house sulfide-oxidizing microbial symbionts. Pruski et al (2000a) hypothesized that the solutes either protect from sulfide radicals and/or store and transport sulfide (for future use by the symbionts) nontoxically, as follows:…”

Section: Antioxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Yancey

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

1,561

1,272

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SUMMARY Organic osmolytes are small solutes used by cells of numerous water-stressed organisms and tissues to maintain cell volume. Similar compounds are accumulated by some organisms in anhydrobiotic, thermal and possibly pressure stresses. These solutes are amino acids and derivatives,polyols and sugars, methylamines, methylsulfonium compounds and urea. Except for urea, they are often called `compatible solutes', a term indicating lack of perturbing effects on cellular macromolecules and implying interchangeability. However, these features may not always exist, for three reasons. First, some of these solutes may have unique protective metabolic roles, such as acting as antioxidants (e.g. polyols, taurine, hypotaurine),providing redox balance (e.g. glycerol) and detoxifying sulfide (hypotaurine in animals at hydrothermal vents and seeps). Second, some of these solutes stabilize macromolecules and counteract perturbants in non-interchangeable ways. Methylamines [e.g. trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] can enhance protein folding and ligand binding and counteract perturbations by urea (e.g. in elasmobranchs and mammalian kidney), inorganic ions, and hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea animals. Trehalose and proline in overwintering insects stabilize membranes at subzero temperatures. Trehalose in insects and yeast,and anionic polyols in microorganisms around hydrothermal vents, can protect proteins from denaturation by high temperatures. Third, stabilizing solutes appear to be used in nature only to counteract perturbants of macromolecules,perhaps because stabilization is detrimental in the absence of perturbation. Some of these solutes have applications in biotechnology, agriculture and medicine, including in vitro rescue of the misfolded protein of cystic fibrosis. However, caution is warranted if high levels cause overstabilization of proteins.

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Section: Antioxidationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Metabolic Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Yancey

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

1,561

1,272

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“…A similar tendency has been reported in Bathymodiolus species from other regions that contain different habitats and symbiont. For example, in Brine Pool, Gulf of Mexico, the mean levels of hypotaurine and thiotaurine in the gill of B. childressi with methanotrophic symbionts were 36.7 and 1.1 µmol/g, respectively, which were higher than those in the mantle (21.3 and 0.4 µmol/g, respectively) (Pruski et al 2000). In the East Pacific Rise, B. thermophilus having thiotrophic symbionts and B. puteoserpentis bearing both types of symbionts (methanotrophic and thiotrophic) were also reported to show the same tendency (Pruski et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, the amount of thiotaurine in the gill, which is the primary contact site for ambient sulfide, may be correlated with ambient sulfide levels. Pruski et al (2000) reported that the taurine:glycine ratio is higher in shallow-water mussels than in deep-sea mussels. The same result was obtained in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of taurine related compounds in deep- and shallow-water mussel species

Koito

Morimoto

et al. 2016

Plankton Benthos Res

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Densely packed invertebrate communities have been observed around deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, despite the high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide present in these environments. The species that inhabit these environments have been reported to accumulate the sulfur-containing amino acid, thiotaurine. This non-toxic amino acid is synthesized from its precursor, hypotaurine and ambient hydrogen sulfide. In this study, we compared the levels of thiotaurine and hypotaurine in the gills and mantles of two deep-sea mussels (Bathymodiolus septemdierum and B. platifrons) and a shallow-water mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to investigate their degree of dependence on the thiotaurine/hypotaurine system. The levels of thiotaurine and hypotaurine in the gill were higher than those present in the mantle in the two deep-sea species but lower or similar in M. galloprovincialis. The levels of thiotaurine and hypotaurine were the highest in the gill of B. septemdierum, estimated at 6.56 and 13.50 µmol/g wet weights, respectively. Moreover, B. septemdierum exhibited a higher thiotaurine/(hypotaurine+thiotaurine) ratio in the gill, B. septemdierum than that did B. platifrons and M. galloprovincialis. These results suggest that the levels of thiotaurine and hypotaurine in Bathymodiolus may be related to the ambient sulfide levels in their habitats.

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Thiotaurine and hypotaurine contents in hydrothermal‐vent polychaetes without thiotrophic endosymbionts: correlation With sulfide exposure

et al. 2009

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Invertebrates at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps must cope with toxic H(2)S. One proposed protection mechanism involves taurine derivatives: At vents and seeps, many animals have high levels of hypotaurine and thiotaurine (a product of hypotaurine and HS), originally found in animals with thiotrophic endosymbionts. To further test the role of these compounds, we analyzed them in vent polychaetes without endosymbionts: Paralvinella sulfincola, P. palmiformis and P. pandorae (paralvinellids) and Nicomache venticola (maldanid). P. sulfincola were collected from a high temperature (42-68 degrees C) and a warm site (21-35 degrees C). P. palmiformis and pandorae were from cool sites (12-18 degrees C) and N. venticola were from a cold site (4 degrees C). H(2)S concentrations in vent effluent largely correlate with temperature. Some specimens were frozen; other ones were kept alive in laboratory chambers, with and without sulfide. Tissues were analyzed for taurine derivatives and other solutes that serve as organic osmolytes. The major osmolyte of all species was glycine. Thiotaurine contents were significantly different among all species, in the order P. sulfincola hot>P. sulfincola warm>P. pandorae>P. palmiformis>N. venticola. P. sulfincola also had high levels of sarcosine; others species had none. Sarcosine and hypotaurine contents of P. sulfincola's branchiae were higher, while glycine contents were lower, than in main body. In P. palmiformis kept in pressure chambers with sulfide, thiotaurine contents were higher and hypotaurine lower than in those kept without sulfide. These results support the hypothesis that conversion of hypotaurine to thiotaurine detoxifies sulfide in vent animals without endosymbionts.

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Composition of free amino acids and related compounds in invertebrates with symbiotic bacteria at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses

Comparison of taurine related compounds in deep- and shallow-water mussel species

Thiotaurine and hypotaurine contents in hydrothermal‐vent polychaetes without thiotrophic endosymbionts: correlation With sulfide exposure

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