Composition of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel

Ward, C.C.; Schwartz, F. G.; Adams, Nigel G.

doi:10.1021/ie50497a034

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…From a kinetic point of view, the position of the two functional groups (carbonyl and hydroperoxide groups) in ketohydroperoxides formed during alkane oxidation is imposed by the location of the initial H-abstraction from the reactant to form an alkyl radical (reaction 1 in Figure 14) and by the first isomerization of the peroxyalkyl radical (reaction (3) in Figure 14) obtained by the addition to oxygen of this alkyl radical [reaction (2) in Figure 14]. The most probable ketohydroperoxide isomers which can be formed are then those with the two carbon atoms carrying the two functional groups separated by another carbon atom.…”

Section: Kinetic Origin Of the Major Ketohydroperoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Low Temperature Oxidation of the Five Isomers of Hexane

et al. 2014

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The low-temperature oxidation of the five hexane isomers (n-hexane, 2-methyl-pentane, 3-methyl-pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane) was studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at atmospheric pressure under stoichiometric conditions between 550 and 1000 K. The evolution of reactant and product mole fraction profiles were recorded as a function of the temperature using two analytical methods: gas chromatography and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Experimental data obtained with both methods were in good agreement for the five fuels. These data were used to compare the reactivity and the nature of the reaction products and their distribution. At low temperature (below 800 K), n-hexane was the most reactive isomer. The two methyl-pentane isomers have about the same reactivity, which was lower than that of n-hexane. 2,2-Dimethylbutane was less reactive than the two methyl-pentane isomers, and 2,3-dimethylbutane was the least reactive isomer. These observations are in good agreement with research octane numbers given in the literature. Cyclic ethers with rings including 3, 4, 5, and 6 atoms have been identified and quantified for the five fuels. While the cyclic ether distribution was notably more detailed than in other literature of JSR studies of branched alkane oxidation, some oxiranes were missing among the cyclic ethers expected from methyl-pentanes. Using SVUV-PIMS, the formation of C2-C3 monocarboxylic acids, ketohydroperoxides, and species with two carbonyl groups have also been observed, supporting their possible formation from branched reactants. This is in line with what was previously experimentally demonstrated from linear fuels. Possible structures and ways of decomposition of the most probable ketohydroperoxides were discussed. Above 800 K, all five isomers have about the same reactivity, with a larger formation from branched alkanes of some unsaturated species, such as allene and propyne, which are known to be soot precursors.

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Section: Kinetic Origin Of the Major Ketohydroperoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Low Temperature Oxidation of the Five Isomers of Hexane

et al. 2014

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“…As can be observed from Table 2, the fuel components produced from each reaction block are consistent with the desired fuel targets. Likewise, from Figure 5, it can be observed that the waste gases from the lumped-block RXN(10,2)-SEP (8,3) that could produce more gasoline products were not upgraded, confirming that the gasoline production is not the only objective for this case study. Concerning the other decision variables, a feedstock composition of 50 wt % spruce and 50 wt % pine to be sent to the gasification section was proposed, which is understandable since spruce and pine present similar cost and composition.…”

Section: Case Studies For Superstructure Minlpmentioning

confidence: 70%

Integrated Methodology for Optimal Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Production Processes: 2. Superstructure MINLP Modeling and Evaluation for Optimal Biofuel Process Synthesis and Integration

Ibarra-Gonzalez

Rong

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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For thermochemical conversion routes to BtL fuel production, in part 1, we have developed a framework for the synthesis of a BtL superstructure that was formulated by the interconnection of processing blocks consisting of unit operations belonging to five base case process routes along with the data and information prepared for the embedded processing blocks. In part 2, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is implemented for the superstructure optimization. The superstructure is defined as an MINLP problem coded in GAMS 24.5.6, which sets the objective to minimize the total cost of manufacturing (TCOM) of BtL fuels under different cases and integration scenarios. Three cases are demonstrated for three different product profiles, and three network flowsheets are obtained as optimal technology routes. The three optimal network flowsheets are then rigorously simulated and compared with the base case process flowsheets. The results demonstrated that this methodology can generate optimal BtL biofuel production processes under different product scenarios.

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“…Two types of diesel fuel were prepared from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, namely, a light and a heavy diesel fuel (Table 6.10) [2,3,19]. By operating the boiler of the atmospheric distillation column at a temperature close to 320 • C, problems with thermal cracking of the reactive Fischer-Tropsch syncrude in the boiler was avoided.…”

Section: Refining Of Condensate Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By operating the boiler of the atmospheric distillation column at a temperature close to 320 • C, problems with thermal cracking of the reactive Fischer-Tropsch syncrude in the boiler was avoided. It was found that after removal of the polar compounds the cetane number of the heavy Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel increased from 80 to 88 [19]. The light diesel fuel was a mixture of heavy naphtha (Section 6.4.2) and Kogasin I and was used as a winter diesel fuel.…”

Section: Refining Of Condensate Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

German Fischer–Tropsch Facilities

Klerk

2011

Fischer‐Tropsch Refining

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Composition of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Low Temperature Oxidation of the Five Isomers of Hexane

Experimental Investigation of the Low Temperature Oxidation of the Five Isomers of Hexane

Integrated Methodology for Optimal Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Production Processes: 2. Superstructure MINLP Modeling and Evaluation for Optimal Biofuel Process Synthesis and Integration

German Fischer–Tropsch Facilities

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