Composition of chemical elements in the edible viscera of Tibetan pigs and its correlation with environment and feed

Mi, Si; Shang, Ke; Jia, Wei; Zhang, Chunhui; Liu, Ji-Qian; Huang, De-Qiong

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108832

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Interestingly, both Cd and Pb amounts were significantly lower than most found in previous studies. Nevertheless, it should be considered that animals analyzed by other authors were slaughtered at younger ages [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 43 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] and, hence, accumulated lower amounts of these contaminants. Cd showed a 60-fold higher median concentration in livers ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of undesirable toxic elements in pig skeletal muscle tissues is not generally a source of concern for food safety. However, the same is not always true for edible internal organs, since most TMMs have a particular tropism for kidney, liver, heart, lungs, and brain where they undergo progressive accumulation [ 13 , 14 ]. This aspect may be relevant from the perspective of human health, since in many countries of the world, including Europe, pig offal and, in particular, liver, is widely appreciated and largely consumed as part of the standard diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mostly, contamination levels were measured in samples of lean pigs slaughtered at 5–6 months of age and weighing around 100 kg. These samples were generally found to be within the recommended safety limits [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], with fewer studies advising about a potential health risk for consumers [ 5 , 14 , 21 , 22 ]. On the contrary, there is a huge lack of information about TMM contamination in the Italian heavy pig production chain, which, standing out for the fattening of pigs up to 170 kg and their slaughter at 9 months of age, would call for research investigating whether the longer lifespan and the higher slaughter weights are associated with higher TMM concentrations in tissues and with the potential accumulation to harmful levels for human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

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Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children’s estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Prolonged exposure to a high-altitude hypoxic environment has caused the livers of Tibetan pigs to gradually develop a stronger adaptation capacity against stress, thus showing a stronger resistance to disease [ 5 ]. In addition, the chemical element composition of the Tibetan pig liver is closely related to its growing environment and feed consumption [ 6 ]. Therefore, the liver metabolic activity of Tibetan pigs can further reflect the ecology of the plateau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tibetan Pig Livers at Different Altitudes

Chang

Yang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this study, the differences in protein profiles between the livers of Shannan Tibetan pigs (SNT), Linzhi Tibetan pigs (LZT) and Jiuzhaigou Tibetan pigs (JZT) were comparatively analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry-labeling quantitative proteomics. A total of 6804 proteins were identified: 6471 were quantified and 1095 were screened as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics analysis results show that, compared with JZT livers, up-regulated DEPs in SNT and LZT livers mainly promoted hepatic detoxification through steroid hormone biosynthesis and participated in lipid metabolism to maintain body energy homeostasis, immune response and immune regulation, while down-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and immune regulation. Three proteases closely related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were down-regulated in enzymatic activity, indicating higher levels of lipid oxidation in SNT and LZT livers than in JZT livers. Down-regulation of the expression of ten immunoglobulins suggests that JZT are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. It is highly likely that these differences in lipid metabolism and immune-related proteins are in response to the ecological environment at different altitudes, and the findings contribute to the understanding of the potential molecular link between Tibetan pig livers and the environment.

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“…As a major organ that regulates energy supply and performs physiological functions such as detoxification, the liver’s internal physiological regulatory processes are closely linked to changes in the external environment [ 10 ]. A previous transcriptomics and proteomics comparative analysis of the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs found significant differences in small-molecule biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and the metabolism of organic hydroxyl compounds [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence of Liver Lipidomes in Tibetan and Yorkshire Pigs Living at Different Altitudes

Luo

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The Tibetan pig is a characteristic breed of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with distinct physiological and meat quality attributes. The liver lipid profile can offer an important perspective to explore the uniqueness of Tibetan pigs. A quantitative comparison of liver lipidomes revealed significant differences in the lipid profiles between Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raised at different altitudes. The abundance of lipids in the livers of pigs raised at a high altitude was higher than that of pigs raised at a lower altitude, whereas the abundance of lipids in the livers of Yorkshire pigs was higher than that of Tibetan pigs raised at the same altitude. Of the 1101 lipids identified, 323 and 193 differentially abundant lipids (DALs) were identified in the pairwise comparisons of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raised at different altitudes, respectively. The DALs of Tibetan pigs consisted mainly of 161 triglycerides, along with several acylcarnitines, represented by carnitine C2:0, and significant changes in the abundance of some phospholipids. The DALs of Yorkshire pigs were more complex, with significant increases in the abundance of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and free fatty acids, and decreases in the abundance of some phospholipids. This research provides strong theoretical and data support for the high-quality development of the highland livestock industry.

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Composition of chemical elements in the edible viscera of Tibetan pigs and its correlation with environment and feed

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tibetan Pig Livers at Different Altitudes

Divergence of Liver Lipidomes in Tibetan and Yorkshire Pigs Living at Different Altitudes

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