Composition of bile acids in ruminants

Sheriha, G. M.; Waller, George R.; Chan, Tak K.; Tillman, A. D.

doi:10.1007/bf02530972

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cholic acid, a primary bile acid generated by hepatocytes, and DCA, a bacterial metabolite of cholic acid, represent two major components of the bile salt found in the human intestine [30], [31]. Ox bile contains a mixture of conjugated and unconjugated bile acid derivatives, such as taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cholic acid [32], allowing simultaneous evaluation of responses to a variety of bile acid derivatives. A significant difference in growth responses to DCA was observed between WT and the mutants, while growth responses to cholic acid and ox bile were similar between WT and the mutants as shown by their similar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these bile salts (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System: Roles in Adaptation to Deoxycholic Acid, Host Cell Adherence, Invasion, and In Vivo Colonization

et al. 2012

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The recently identified type VI secretion system (T6SS) of proteobacteria has been shown to promote pathogenicity, competitive advantage over competing microorganisms, and adaptation to environmental perturbation. By detailed phenotypic characterization of loss-of-function mutants, in silico, in vitro and in vivo analyses, we provide evidence that the enteric pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, possesses a functional T6SS and that the secretion system exerts pleiotropic effects on two crucial processes – survival in a bile salt, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and host cell adherence and invasion. The expression of T6SS during initial exposure to the upper range of physiological levels of DCA (0.075%–0.2%) was detrimental to C. jejuni proliferation, whereas down-regulation or inactivation of T6SS enabled C. jejuni to resist this effect. The C. jejuni multidrug efflux transporter gene, cmeA, was significantly up-regulated during the initial exposure to DCA in the wild type C. jejuni relative to the T6SS-deficient strains, suggesting that inhibition of proliferation is the consequence of T6SS-mediated DCA influx. A sequential modulation of the efflux transporter activity and the T6SS represents, in part, an adaptive mechanism for C. jejuni to overcome this inhibitory effect, thereby ensuring its survival. C. jejuni T6SS plays important roles in host cell adhesion and invasion as T6SS inactivation resulted in a reduction of adherence to and invasion of in vitro cell lines, while over-expression of a hemolysin co-regulated protein, which encodes a secreted T6SS component, greatly enhanced these processes. When inoculated into B6.129P2-IL-10tm1Cgn mice, the T6SS-deficient C. jejuni strains did not effectively establish persistent colonization, indicating that T6SS contributes to colonization in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of bacterial T6SS in host cell adhesion, invasion, colonization and, for the first time to our knowledge, adaptation to DCA, providing new insights into the role of T6SS in C. jejuni pathogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System: Roles in Adaptation to Deoxycholic Acid, Host Cell Adherence, Invasion, and In Vivo Colonization

et al. 2012

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“…The compositions of bile have been shown to be affected by dietary factors, especially during developmental stages (Peric‐Golia & Socic ; Sheriha et al . ; Flores et al . ; Jackson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another conjugated primary bile acid, glycocholic acid, decreased. The compositions of bile have been shown to be affected by dietary factors, especially during developmental stages (Peric-Golia & Socic 1968;Sheriha et al 1968;Flores et al 1992;Jackson et al 1993). Furthermore, a high taurine : glycine ratio in bile acid conjugates has been suggested to be advantageous in maintaining lipid solubilization (Lough 1970;Smith & Lough 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low‐quality roughage

Okayama

Iwasawa

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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Early experience with low-quality roughage may induce adaptations in ruminants' metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the variation in the hepatic metabolomes of lambs fed low-quality roughage beginning early in life. Five lambs were fed Sudan grass hay (crude protein (CP): 4.6% of the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, 68.5% of DM) for 6 months during time periods P1, P2 and P3, which consisted of 2 months each. The metabolizable energy (ME) and CP intake satisfied lambs' maintenance requirements in P1 and P2, but the ME intake was 78.5% of the maintenance ME requirement in P3. Liver metabolomics was carried out in P2 and P3 by the capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Eight amino acids and six amino acid metabolism-related metabolites were altered between P2 and P3. Several intermediates of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis decreased, while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate increased in P3. Taurocholic acid and taurine increased, while glycocholic acid decreased in P3. The results suggested that amino acid utilization and the efficiency of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis might be adjusted to accommodate the low-quality roughage fed to the lambs during early stages of life. The composition of bile acids might also be optimized to promote the efficiency of lipid absorption.

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“…Although the abundance is relatively low, the bacteria in the small intestine played essential roles to aid digestion, including the conversion of primary bile acids, and the protection against pathogens in both human and animals [10,11]. Importantly, by microbial actions in the small intestine, primary bile acids are mediated to produce secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are conjugated and nally reabsorbed by the enterohepatic circulation for the recycling in liver to regulate digestion [12,13]. Diet, as the primary determinant of the gut microbiome, may also post signi cant in uences on bacterial structure of small intestine in cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-induced Changes in Bacterial Communities in the Jejunum and Their Associations with Bile Acids in Angus Beef Cattle

Liu

Cai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The small intestine, while serving as the main absorption organ, also possesses a unique bacterial environment and holds the critical function of conversion of primary bile acids. Bile acids are, in turn, able to regulate bacterial composition and promote the growth of bacteria that convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. However, in beef cattle, few studies have explored the influence of diets on jejunal bacterial communities and examined its relationships with bile acids. Here, we examined the impact of grain- and grass-based diets on jejunal and fecal bacterial communities’ composition and investigated possible association of bacterial features with bile acids.Results: We demonstrated that the influences of diets on intestinal bacteria can be observed in young beef cattle after weaning. A significantly higher level of microbial diversity was documented in feces of grass-fed cattle comparing to grain-fed cattle. Top 20 important genera identified with random forest analysis on fecal bacterial community can be good candidates for microbial biomarkers. Moreover, the jejunal bacteria of adult Angus beef cattle exhibited significant differences in microbial composition and metabolic potential under different diets. Global balances and bacteria signatures predictive of bile acids were identified, indicative of the potential association of bacterial features with bile acids.Conclusions: The findings from this study provided novel insights into the relationships between jejunal bacteria and bile acids under different diets in Angus beef cattle. Our results should help us gain a better understanding of potential health benefits of grass-fed beef.

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Composition of bile acids in ruminants

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System: Roles in Adaptation to Deoxycholic Acid, Host Cell Adherence, Invasion, and In Vivo Colonization

Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System: Roles in Adaptation to Deoxycholic Acid, Host Cell Adherence, Invasion, and In Vivo Colonization

Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low‐quality roughage

Diet-induced Changes in Bacterial Communities in the Jejunum and Their Associations with Bile Acids in Angus Beef Cattle

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