Composition of Atmospheric Particulate Matter from the Eruption of Heimaey, Iceland

Mroz, E. J.; Zoller, William H.

doi:10.1126/science.190.4213.461

Cited by 90 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Annual elemental fluxes (Table 6) can be calculated by extrapolation of the daily fluxes in Table 5 (Lepel et al, 1978); E = Mount Etna 1987 (this study); H = Heimaey 1973 (Mroz and Zoller, 1975); M = Mount Etna 1976 (Buat-M6nard and Arnold, 1978); P = Pu'u O'o 1983O'o -4 (Crowe et al, 1987 creased emission rates during activity periods more intense than those observed during this study. For example, the data of Bruno et al (1989) and Allard et al ( 1991) suggest that the long-term degassing rate of Mount Etna may be four times less than that observed during this study.…”

Section: Volcanic Versus Anthropogenic Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphur dioxide, particle and elemental emissions from Mount Etna, Italy during July 1987

1993

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Sulphur dioxide emission rates were measured at Mount Etna, Italy during July 1987 while the volcano was undergoing relatively 'quiet' activity. The SO2 flux averaged 930 -t-587 (1~) Mg/d, excluding 19 July when the flux was 3200 +_ 1730 (1~) Mg/d. Rising magma and/or an influx of less degassed magma could explain the increased SO/flux. The high SO2 flux did not correlate with changes in observed volcanic activity. This suggests that SO2 monitoring may be useful as an indicator of shallow magmatic activity, but not as a predictor of future eruptions of Mount Etna.Particles emitted from the two active craters, Bocca Nuova and Southeast Crater (SE), were composed of silicates, sulphates and dithionites. Chloride species were only observed in particles from SE. Different eruptive styles probably produced the differences in particle compositions emitted from each crater.Vapour-magma enrichment factors were calculated for many elements from both craters. C1, Br and S were the most enriched elements in the sampled fumes. Similar enrichment factors at both craters suggest a common magma supply. C1, S and F have the largest elemental fluxes emitted from Mount Etna. During 'quiet' activity, the C1 flux represents 27% of the global anthropogenic emissions, but its effect is limited to the local region due to atmospheric removal processes. Mount Etna also exhaled significant amounts of Zn, Br, Mo, F and Cu compared with regional anthropogenic emissions.

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Section: Volcanic Versus Anthropogenic Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphur dioxide, particle and elemental emissions from Mount Etna, Italy during July 1987

1993

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“…The bentonites themselves, however, contain less selenium than the surrounding sediments with one exception (SDGS-439.6). Several studies (Byers et al, 1936;Mroz and Zoller, 1975;Lepel et al, 1978) have demonstrated that during volcanic activity, atmospheric aerosols and fumarole deposits may be enriched in Se by a Table 4. Proportion of total Se mobilized by each step of the sequential extraction protocol, representing average values for "Treatment C" of each sequential step.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation and weathering of selenium in upper cretaceous chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming, USA

Kulp

Pratt

2004

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

177

131

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“…Iron and manganese in the airborne dust in remote areas are generally considered to originate from the soil materials, whereas the origins of zinc and copper in the airborne dust in remote areas are considered to be the global fallout of volcanic ejecta from major eruptions (Mroz and Zoller, 1975;Hirose et al, 1982) and/or anthropogenic sources (Rahn, 1971). This viewpoint is supported by the fact that the enrichment of zinc and copper in the airborne dust in remote areas is one or two order higher than that of iron and manganese and that the pattern of the size distribution for the copper and zinc bearing particles in the air is generally different from that of the iron and manganese bearing particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Continental Dust Over the North Pacific Ocean: Time Variation of Chemical Components in Maritime

Hirose¹,

Dokiya²,

Sugimura³

1983

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Concentrations of metallic elements, including Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the air over the western North Pacific were determined in the periods from April to May, 1980 and March, 1981. Sampling of airborne particles was done on board by use of a high volume air sampler. During the southward traverse, at the west side of a cold front, the high concentration of iron reaching as high as 2550 ng m-3 was observed in the air over the ocean and then it decreased rapidly to the background level. The GMS imageries and meteorological conditions suggest that the high concentrations of iron and manganese in the air over the ocean during the spring season are caused by the transport of the continental dust (load up to 64*g m-3) originating from the east Asian deserts.

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Composition of Atmospheric Particulate Matter from the Eruption of Heimaey, Iceland

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

Sulphur dioxide, particle and elemental emissions from Mount Etna, Italy during July 1987

Sulphur dioxide, particle and elemental emissions from Mount Etna, Italy during July 1987

Speciation and weathering of selenium in upper cretaceous chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming, USA

Effect of the Continental Dust Over the North Pacific Ocean: Time Variation of Chemical Components in Maritime

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