Composition of agglomerates in fluidized bed reactors for thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste fuels

Abstract

Citation for the published paper: Elled, A. ; Åmand, L. ; Steenari, B. (2013) "Composition of agglomerates in fluidized bed reactors for thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste fuels Experimental data in comparison with predictions by a thermodynamic equilibrium model". Fuel, vol. 111 pp. 696-708.

Characteristics of distinct ash flows in a biomass thermal power plant with bubbling fluidised bed combustor

“…By comparing with the OB (original sand bed), the chemical composition of the BB ash reveals an enrichment of inorganic elements found in the biomass, as shown by the inorganic composition of the biomass used as fuel in this plant (Fig. 9), and also of other typical biomass [9,20,43,44]; as a consequence, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn and Fe contents in BB ash are higher, while Si concentration is lower, when compared to the original sand bed.…”

Comparing Active Bed Materials in a Dual Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier: Olivine, Bauxite, Quartz-Sand, and Ilmenite

“…If present in the bed material, Si tends to react chemically with the alkali from the fuel to form stable silicates, thereby inhibiting the catalytic activity of the alkali species [26]. Interactions between alkali and Si causes also bed agglomeration by the formation of eutectics with low melting temperature [28]. Alternatively, the alkali species can form active compounds and bond reversibly to the bed material, which in turn increases the activity of the bed [27].…”

Characteristics of olivine as a bed material in an indirect biomass gasifier

“…However, silica sand is not expected to influence the chemical reactions within the system so as to increase the quality of the produced gas, e.g., attain high yields of hydrogen and minimize tar content. Moreover, the presence of ash components that chemically bond to the silica sand results in operational problems, such as agglomeration [11][12][13]. Therefore, alternative bed materials are needed for optimization of the product gas at a reasonable cost.…”