Composition, mineralogy and chronology of mare basalts and non-mare materials in Von Kármán crater: Landing site of the Chang’E−4 mission

Ling, Zongcheng; Qiao, Lingling; Liu, Changqing; Cao, Haijun; Bi, Xiangyu; Lu, X.; Jiang, Zhang; Fu, Xiaohui; Li, Bo; Liu, Jianzhong

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104741

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The floor of Von Kármán crater, where the CE-4 landed, was flooded by Imbrian low-TiO 2 mare basalt (LT, [9,15,17,19,21,22]), but the spectral features of CPX at the CE-4 landing site are significantly different from those in typical mare basalts (Figure 3(c)). The Finsen crater is categorized as an Eratosthenian crater (e.g., [8]), whose ray system is thought to be already obscured by space weathering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CE-4 landing site is located on the floor of ancient Pre-Nectarian Von Kármán crater, where it is flooded by low-TiO 2 mare basaltic lava flows and then mostly overprinted by discontinuous ejecta from the nearby Finsen crater in the northeast [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The ejecta, characterized by non-mare mafic components in orbital remote sensing datasets, exhibits pervasive mineralogical similarities to the mafic anomaly observed in the central portion of SPA basin [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy of Chang’e-4 landing site: preliminary results of visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer

Chen

Ling

Qiao

et al. 2020

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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The exploration of mafic anomaly in South Pole-Aitken (SPA, the largest confirmed) basin on the Moon provides important insights into lunar interior. The landing of Chang'e-4 (CE-4) and deployment of Yutu-2 rover on the discontinuous ejecta from Finsen crater enabled in-situ measurements of the unusual mineralogy in the central portion of SPA basin with visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS). Here we present detailed processing procedures based on the level 2B data of CE-4 VNIS and preliminary mineralogical results at the exploration area of Yutu-2 rover. A systematic processing pipeline is developed to derive credible reflectance spectra, based on which several spectral and mineral indices are calculated to constrain the mafic mineralogy. The mafic components in the soils and boulder around CE-4 landing site are concluded as clinopyroxene-bearing with intermediate composition and probably dominated by pigeonite although the possibility of mixing orthopyroxen (OPX) and calcic clinopyroxene (CPX) also exists. These mineralogical results are more consistent with a petrogenesis that the CE-4 regolith and rock fragment are derived from rapid-cooling magmatic systems and we interpret that the materials at the CE-4 landing site ejected from Finsen crater are probably recrystallized from impact melt settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of Chang’e-4 landing site: preliminary results of visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer

Chen

Ling

Qiao

et al. 2020

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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“…The Chinese Chang'E-4 mission for moon exploration has been successfully completed. The Chang'E-4 probe achieved the first-ever soft landing on the floor of Von Kármán crater (177.59 • E, 45.46 • S) of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on January 3, 2019 [1][2][3]. SPA basin is the broadest basin on the Moon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Von Kármán crater is one of the primary craters in the SPA basin, with a diameter of 186 km. Recent studies have revealed that the ejecta from adjacent craters have various contributions to the subsurface material of Von Kármán crater, which results in the complex subsurface structure at the Chang'E-4 landing site [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties Analysis of Lunar Regolith at Chang’E-4 Landing Site Based on 3D Velocity Spectrum of Lunar Penetrating Radar

et al. 2020

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The Chinese Chang’E-4 mission for moon exploration has been successfully completed. The Chang’E-4 probe achieved the first-ever soft landing on the floor of Von Kármán crater (177.59°E, 45.46°S) of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on January 3, 2019. Yutu-2 rover is mounted with several scientific instruments including a lunar penetrating radar (LPR), which is an effective instrument to detect the lunar subsurface structure. During the interpretation of LPR data, subsurface velocity of electromagnetic waves is a vital parameter necessary for stratigraphic division and computing other properties. However, the methods in previous research on Chang’E-3 cannot perform velocity analysis automatically and objectively. In this paper, the 3D velocity spectrum is applied to property analysis of LPR data from Chang’E-4. The result shows that 3D velocity spectrum can automatically search for hyperbolas; the maximum value at velocity axis with a soft threshold function can provide the horizontal position, two-way reflected time and velocity of each hyperbola; the average maximum relative error of velocity is estimated to be 7.99%. Based on the estimated velocities of 30 hyperbolas, the structures of subsurface properties are obtained, including velocity, relative permittivity, density, and content of FeO and TiO2.

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“…The landing area of CE‐3 can be divided into two basaltic units, and the absolute model ages of these two units are ~3.17 and ~3.48 Ga (Li, Ling, et al, ). Based on different TiO 2 contents of basaltic units, Ling et al () classified the mare region on Von Kármán crater's floor into two units, whose absolute model ages were ~3.70 (Haruyama et al, ) and ~3.65 Ga. Therefore, the CE‐4 preselected landing area has more large impact craters and a higher crater density than CE‐3 landing site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Terrain Analysis for Lander Safety Landing and Rover Path Planning Based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Narrow Angle Camera Images: A Case Study of China's Chang'e‐4 Probe

Yue

Zhang

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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China's Chang'e‐4 (CE‐4) probe will explore the South Pole‐Aitken basin in late 2018. Its preselected landing area is located on the southeastern floor of the Von Kármán crater. Landing experience of China's Chang'e‐3 probe may not be applied to CE‐4 mission directly because the topography of lunar farside is more rugged. Moreover, due to scale dependence and smooth effects, the previous topographic studies derived from digital elevation model data with lower resolution cannot represent the meter‐scale topographic features. Because of low time and space complexities in lunar images, image segmentation algorithm is especially suitable for recognizing lunar features. We divided the narrow angle camera (NAC) mosaic image into three parts: dark area, bright area, and flat area, based on a double‐threshold Otsu method. The first two parts corresponded to the undulating areas (positive and negative terrains). And then we calculated the flat area percentage (Fap) of the previous successful lunar landing missions (including Chang'e‐3, Apollo, Surveyor, and Luna series) and obtained the Fap threshold (>0.6) for lunar safe landing. According to Fap map (~1.5 m per pixel) of CE‐4 preselected landing area, the divided square grids with a size of 0.01° can be classified into safe grids (Fap > 0.6) and unsafe grids (Fap ≤ 0.6). The CE‐4 preselected landing areas can be greatly reduced to five potential landing areas. In the last, we proposed a route planning method, which took both the distance and security into account, for CE‐4 rover to dynamically generate a safe and short route between current grid and target grid.

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Composition, mineralogy and chronology of mare basalts and non-mare materials in Von Kármán crater: Landing site of the Chang’E−4 mission

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Mineralogy of Chang’e-4 landing site: preliminary results of visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer

Mineralogy of Chang’e-4 landing site: preliminary results of visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer

Properties Analysis of Lunar Regolith at Chang’E-4 Landing Site Based on 3D Velocity Spectrum of Lunar Penetrating Radar

High‐Resolution Terrain Analysis for Lander Safety Landing and Rover Path Planning Based on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Narrow Angle Camera Images: A Case Study of China's Chang'e‐4 Probe

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