Composition effects on the mechanical properties of microemulsion-made core/shell polymers

Rabelero, M.; López-Cuenca, S.; Puca, M.; Mendizábal, Eduardo; Esquena, Jordi; Solans, Conxita; López, Raúl G.; Puig, J. E.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.100

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To determine if the second monomer was incorporated on the seed particles, the theoretical final diameter was estimated assuming that the monomer added in the second stage covered uniformly the seeds and that the seed particles have the same diameter (equal to D Pz ). For the calculations, it was taken in consideration the degree of conversion in both stages and the density of the copolymer forming presumably the shell (ρ shell ) [40]. Within experimental error and with the considerations made, the estimated and measured average particle diameters are close in most cases (Table 2), indicating that most of the monomers added in the second stage were incorporated over the seed particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it has been shown that latexes of polystyrene (PSt), poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA), and other acrylic or vinyl polymers can be produced with high solid content ( > 30 wt%) using smaller amounts of surfactant by semicontinuous microemulsion polymerization, without altering the basic features of the microemulsion‐made polymer nanoparticles [34–39]. Using this approach, our group has been able to synthesize PBA/PST (or PSt/PBA) core/shell polymer latexes by semicontinuous two‐stage polymerization with high‐polymer content and showed that the size of the core/shell particles and the position of the soft and hard polymers (core or shell) affect dramatically the mechanical properties of these materials [32, 33, 40]. Udagama and Mckenna [35] reported high solid content latexes (49 wt%) containing well‐defined PBA/PMMA core/shell particles with diameters smaller than 200 nm prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the functionalizing agent, itaconic acid, on the mechanical properties of microemulsion‐made core/shell polymers

Rabelero

Trujillo

Ceja

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The effect of itaconic acid (IA) as functionalizing agent on the static mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tensile stress, ultimate properties, and hardness) of core/shell polymers made of styrene and butyl acrylate by a two‐stage microemulsion polymerization process is reported. High‐polymer content (>35 wt%) was obtained in the first stage (seed) by adding more monomer semicontinuously to the parent microemulsion‐latex; however, the characteristics of microemulsion‐made latexes were preserved, that is, nanometer particles (<50 nm) and high molar masses (>2 × 106 g/mol). The IA content in the shell was varied from 0 to 20 wt% with respect to that of the polymer in the shell, either polystyrene or poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). High conversions in both stages (>84 %), final core‐shell latex with relatively high‐polymer content (ca. 20 wt%), and particle with diameters smaller than 78 nm were obtained. The fact that particle size grew from the first (ca. 50 nm) to the second stages (ca. 75 nm) and that the polymers showed two glass transitions suggests that a core shell structure was obtained. The presence of the functionalizing agent (IA) modified the mechanical properties, especially when PBA was in the shell. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the functionalizing agent, itaconic acid, on the mechanical properties of microemulsion‐made core/shell polymers

Rabelero

Trujillo

Ceja

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The polymer composition is one of the most important factors determining the interfacial interaction mechanism [44], as well as polymer mechanical properties and resistivity against water diffusion [45,46]. Adhesives are functionalized in polymer structures to enhance the adhesion of the polymer to the metal surface.…”

Section: Polymer Phase Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying interfacial bonding at buried polymer–zinc interfaces

Taheri

Terryn

Mol

2015

Progress in Organic Coatings

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“…In the 1990s, multilayer particles, such as core/shell polymers, were synthesized with an improvement in their semiconductive properties . Core/shell polymers contain at least two main regions, one with a lower glass transition temperature ( T g ) and other with a higher T g , than the application temperature . The core/shell nanoparticles have been used in a wide range of applications due to their improved and tunable mechanical and/or chemical properties compared to those of the parent polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable mechanical properties of core‐shell polymers of poly(hexyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization

Andrade

Mendoza

et al. 2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The synthesis of core/shell polymers with tunable mechanical properties made of poly(hexyl methacrylate) (PHeMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by a two‐stage semicontinuous heterophase polymerization, is presented here. This polymerization technique is characterized by employing low surfactant concentrations to produce large polymer‐to‐surfactant ratios. In this process, monomer is added in a continuous low rate to achieve monomer starved conditions, allowing to control particle size (usually smaller than 50 nm). To modulate the mechanical properties, the weight ratio of core/shell polymers are varied from 10/90 to 90/10 for direct and reverse compositions, respectively. Conversion was followed gravimetrically; nanoparticles were characterized with quasi‐elastic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical tests (tensile and hardness). Highly stable latex formed of nanoparticles, with high conversions are obtained. Tensile tests show that the mechanical properties can be tuned according to core/shell composition, mainly in the system formed by PMMA/PHeMA. These results are explained in terms of core‐and‐shell polymers location, composition and hardness. As expected, an increment in concentration of PMMA produces a more rigid material independently of its position. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:365–371, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Composition effects on the mechanical properties of microemulsion-made core/shell polymers

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of the functionalizing agent, itaconic acid, on the mechanical properties of microemulsion‐made core/shell polymers

Effects of the functionalizing agent, itaconic acid, on the mechanical properties of microemulsion‐made core/shell polymers

Studying interfacial bonding at buried polymer–zinc interfaces

Tunable mechanical properties of core‐shell polymers of poly(hexyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization

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