Composition dependence of X-ray stability and degradation mechanisms at lead halide perovskite single crystal surfaces
Alberto García-Fernández,
Birgit Kammlander,
Stefania Riva
et al.
Abstract:We studied the X-ray stability of five different clean perovskite single crystal surfaces (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, MAPbCl3, FAPbBr3, CsPbBr3) via photoelectron spectroscopy and observed different degradation paths depending on the exact composition.
“…Gao et al conducted research on the effect of X-ray radiation on a single crystal of MAPbBr 3 in a vacuum environment, revealing that approximately 10% of the surface MAPbBr 3 was degraded into metallic lead (Figure 3d) [39]. Furthermore, recent work by Cappel et al delved deeper into the effects of X-ray radiation on single crystals comprising different components under vacuum conditions [40]. Those findings indicated that only a small amount of metallic lead was formed in MAPbI 3 and CsPbBr 3 single crystals.…”
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.
“…Gao et al conducted research on the effect of X-ray radiation on a single crystal of MAPbBr 3 in a vacuum environment, revealing that approximately 10% of the surface MAPbBr 3 was degraded into metallic lead (Figure 3d) [39]. Furthermore, recent work by Cappel et al delved deeper into the effects of X-ray radiation on single crystals comprising different components under vacuum conditions [40]. Those findings indicated that only a small amount of metallic lead was formed in MAPbI 3 and CsPbBr 3 single crystals.…”
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.
“…In the lower equatorial orbit LEO, total ionizing dose (TID) is estimated to be around 3–10 krad per year. 11 To imitate space radiation on the Earth, various facilities with different particles and energies are used: protons, 12,13 electrons, 2,14 X-rays 10,15,16 and gamma-rays. 5,7–9,17–22 Normally, electron irradiation is used due to the vast availability of electron beam setups.…”
In this work, we report on the effects observed in MAPbI3 polycrystalline films and solar cells under moderate gamma-ray doses of 3–21 kGy. We applied several instrumental techniques, such as...
Multimodal x-ray microscopy is key to assessing the property-functionality relationships of semiconductor devices with the utmost sensitivity and spatial resolution. Here, we report on a novel setup—the “Analyzer of X-ray excited Optical Luminescence Offering Temporal and spectraL resolution” (AXOLOTL)—and demonstrate its use by investigating a series of triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with varying Cs content. These PSCs exhibit spatially varying performance and are thus ideally probed by multimodal x-ray microscopy to elucidate the origin of the performance variations. Specifically, our nanoscale characterization of the wrinkled perovskite photoabsorber unveils a segregation of I and Br, which is accompanied by a narrowed band gap and an increased charge-carrier lifetime in thick absorber areas. Overall, we demonstrate with this technique the spatial correlation of compositional inhomogeneities, topography, electrical performance, and optical performance, which is of highest interest for identifying loss mechanisms at the nanoscale in high-performance electronic device development, including solar cells.
Published by the American Physical Society
2024
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