Composition and structure of an iron-bearing, layered double hydroxide (LDH) – Green rust sodium sulphate

Christiansen, Bo; Balić-Žunić, Tonči; Petit, P.; Frandsen, Cathrine; Mørup, Steen; Geckeis, Horst; Katerinopoulou, Anna; Stipp, S. L. S.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.032

Cited by 97 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…We used MilliQ water (<0.01 lS/cm) and PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) and PE (polyethylene) vessels to avoid contamination by dissolved silica, which modifies GR behaviour (Kwon et al, 2007). Green rust sodium sulphate was synthesized using the method described by Christiansen et al (2009b). Briefly, we prepared 0.2 L of a solution from 2.78 g FeS-O 4 Á7H 2 O (melanterite p.a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anions (e.g. CO 3 2À , Cl À and SO 4 2À ), cations (Na + ) and water are structurally arranged in the interlayers (Refait et al, 1998;Christiansen et al, 2009b). GR has been observed under natural conditions (Koch and Mørup, 1991;Bearcock et al, 2006) and was documented in groundwater from the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox transition zone, where the concentration of dissolved Fe was high (0.1-9.2 mg/l) and pH was near neutral (6.2-7.4) (Christiansen et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the experiments described here, neptunium behaviour was investigated in the absence of carbonate, as a representative of redox sensitive actinides with less complex redox chemistry than plutonium. We explored the behaviour of one member of the GR family, namely, the sodium sulphate form (GR Na;SO 4 , NaFe(II) 6 Fe(III) 3 (OH) 18 (SO 4 ) 2 Á12H 2 O) because its structure, composition and thermodynamic properties are well-defined (Christiansen et al, 2009b;Davesne et al, 2010) and it is a form that could be expected in groundwaters at equilibrium with granitic rocks if bicarbonate concentration is minimal. We used suspensions of synthetic green rust that contained less than 5% other phases such as magnetite or goethite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Geckeis¹,

Marquardt²,

Bauer³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Geckeis¹,

Marquardt²,

Bauer³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…[153,154] So, a 1 µm GRcarb would be about 100 nm thick and comprise ~130 double layers overall. [154,155,156,157,158] The height of the hydroxyl interlayer galleries is ~0.30 nm, allowing them perhaps to act as anion and proton channels. And the Fe 2+ -Fe 3+ distance of ~0.33 nm along the iron layers would allow electron hopping by quantum tunneling, though a small proportion of electrons could also jump across the layers.…”

Section: Green Rust -The First Organizing Nanoengine Of Life?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Rust: The Simple Organizing ‘Seed’ of All Life?  <strong> </strong>

Russell

2018

Preprint

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The most important problem of synthetic biology is…the reduction of carbonic acid. and Without the idea of spontaneous generation and a physical theory of life, the doctrine of evolution is a mutilated hypothesis without unity or cohesion.[1] Leduc, [1]Abstract: Korenaga and coworkers present evidence to suggest that 4.3 billion years ago the Earth's mantle was dry and water filled the ocean to twice its present volume.[2] CO2 was constantly exhaled during the mafic to ultramafic volcanic activity associated with magmatic plumes that produced the thick, dense and relatively stable oceanic crust. In that setting two distinct major types of sub-marine hydrothermal vents were active: ~400°C acidic springs whose effluents bore vast quantities of iron into the ocean, and ~120°C, highly alkaline and reduced vents exhaling from the cooler, serpentinizing crust at some distance from the heads of the plumes. When encountering the alkaline effluents, the iron from the plume head vents precipitated out forming mounds likely surrounded by voluminous exhalative deposits similar to the banded iron formations known from the Archean. These mounds and the surrounding sediments likely comprising nanocrysts of the variable valence FeII/FeIII oxyhydroxide, green rust. The precipitation of green rust, along with subsidiary iron sulfides and minor concentrations of Ni, Co and Mo in the environment at the alkaline springs may have established both the key bio-syntonic disequilibria, and the means to properly make use of them -those needed to drive the essential inanimate-to-animate transitions that launched life. In the submarine alkaline vent model for the emergence of life specifically it is first suggested that the redox-flexible green rust microcrysts spontaneously formed precipitated barriers to the complete mixing of carbonic ocean and alkaline hydrothermal fluids, barriers that created and maintained steep ionic disequilibria; and second, that the hydrous interlayers of green rust acted as 'engines' that were powered by those ionic disequilibria and drove essential endergonic reactions. There, aided by sulfides and trace elements acting as catalytic promoters and electron transfer agents, nitrate could be reduced to ammonia and carbon dioxide to formate, while methane may have been oxidized to methyl and formyl groups. Acetate and higher carboxylic acids could then have been produced from these C1 molecules and aminated to amino acids, and thence oligomerized to offer peptide nests to phosphate and iron sulfides and secreted to form primitive amyloid-bounded structures, leading conceivably to protocells.

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“…Information on the thermodynamic properties of the end member binary solid solutions in the three-component system was obtained from prior solubility and calorimetric studies reported in the literature. This model was subsequently expanded by Feder et al (2005) Christiansen et al (2009) found that at least some green rusts also contain interlayer cations in addition to anions. Therefore, a complete characterization of green rust thermodynamic properties must await further study.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Solubility Product Of Fougeritementioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Chemistry Changes as a Result of CO2 Injection at the ZERT Field Site in Bozeman, Montana

Apps¹,

Birkhölzer²,

Spycher³

et al. 2009

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Composition and structure of an iron-bearing, layered double hydroxide (LDH) – Green rust sodium sulphate

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Green Rust: The Simple Organizing ‘Seed’ of All Life?  <strong> </strong>

Groundwater Chemistry Changes as a Result of CO2 Injection at the ZERT Field Site in Bozeman, Montana

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Composition and structure of an iron-bearing, layered double hydroxide (LDH) – Green rust sodium sulphate

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Neptunyl (Np) interaction with green rust,

Green Rust: The Simple Organizing &lsquo;Seed&rsquo; of All Life?&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong> </strong>

Groundwater Chemistry Changes as a Result of CO2 Injection at the ZERT Field Site in Bozeman, Montana

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Green Rust: The Simple Organizing ‘Seed’ of All Life? <strong> </strong>