Composition and origin of PM 10 in Cape Verde: Characterization of long-range transport episodes

Salvador, P.; Almeida, Susana Marta; Cardoso, J.; Almeida-Silva, Marina; Nunes, Teresa; Cerqueira, Mário; Alves, Célia; Reis, M.A.; Chaves, P.C.; Artı́ñano, Begoña; Pio, Casimiro

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.057

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Moreover, the dust-enriched aerosol usually arrives together with BB aerosol emitted by fires in the sub-Sahelian west Africa and also aerosol particles emitted by industrial activities in Morocco and the western Sahara coast Salvador et al, 2016). In spite of anthropogenic disturbance of soils in Africa that could enhance the flux of mineral dust to the At the ATTO site, aerosol measurements were started in March 2012, being continuously extended and intensified since then.…”

Section: Ground Measurements Of Aerosol Physical and Chemical Propertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

Saturno¹,

Holanda²,

Pöhlker³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The Amazon rain forest is considered a very sensitive ecosystem that could be significantly affected by a changing climate. It is still one of the few places on Earth where the atmosphere in the continent approaches near-pristine conditions for some periods of the year. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been built in central Amazonia to monitor the atmospheric and forest ecosystem conditions. The atmospheric conditions at the ATTO site oscillate between biogenic and biomass burning (BB) dominated states. By using a comprehensive ground-based aerosol measurement setup, we studied the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles at the ATTO site. This parameterization of å abs as a function of the BC to OA mass ratio was investigated and was found applicable to tropical forest emissions but further investigation is required, especially by segregating fuel types. Additionally, important enhancements of the BC mass absorption cross-section (α abs ) were found over the measurement period. This enhancement could be linked to heavy coating of the BC aerosol particles. In the future, the BC mixing state should be systematically investigated by using different instrumental approaches.

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Section: Ground Measurements Of Aerosol Physical and Chemical Propertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

Saturno¹,

Holanda²,

Pöhlker³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Studies have revealed the extent of the influence of Saharan dust on nutrient dynamics and biogeochemical cycling in both oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems in north Africa and far beyond, due to frequent long-range transport across the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea, and on to the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East (Goudie and Middleton, 2001;Hoornaert et al, 2003;Yu et al, 2015;Longo et al, 2016;RaveloPerez et al, 2016;Salvador et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

et al. 2017

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The intercontinental transport of aerosols from the Sahara desert plays a significant role in nutrient cycles in the Amazon rainforest, since it carries many types of minerals to these otherwise low-fertility lands. Iron is one of the micronutrients essential for plant growth, and its long-range transport might be an important source for the iron-limited Amazon rainforest. This study assesses the bioavailability of iron Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the particulate matter over the Amazon forest, which was transported from the Sahara desert (for the sake of our discussion, this term also includes the Sahel region). The sampling campaign was carried out above and below the forest canopy at the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory), a near-pristine area in the central Amazon Basin, from March to April 2015. Measurements reached peak concentrations for soluble Fe(III) (48 ng m−3), Fe(II) (16 ng m−3), Na (470 ng m−3), Ca (194 ng m−3), K (65 ng m−3), and Mg (89 ng m−3) during a time period of dust transport from the Sahara, as confirmed by ground-based and satellite remote sensing data and air mass backward trajectories. Dust sampled above the Amazon canopy included primary biological aerosols and other coarse particles up to 12 µm in diameter. Atmospheric transport of weathered Saharan dust, followed by surface deposition, resulted in substantial iron bioavailability across the rainforest canopy. The seasonal deposition of dust, rich in soluble iron, and other minerals is likely to assist both bacteria and fungi within the topsoil and on canopy surfaces, and especially benefit highly bioabsorbent species. In this scenario, Saharan dust can provide essential macronutrients and micronutrients to plant roots, and also directly to plant leaves. The influence of this input on the ecology of the forest canopy and topsoil is discussed, and we argue that this influence would likely be different from that of nutrients from the weathered Amazon bedrock, which otherwise provides the main source of soluble mineral nutrients

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“…As reported elsewhere (Almeida-Silva, 2013;Salvador et al, 2016) Cape Verde has two distinct atmospheric 25 pollution seasons. During winter months (December-February) the atmospheric boundary layer is impacted by important dust intrusions from the Saharan region, with daily averaged PM10 concentrations going up to hundreds of µg.m -3 (see Figure 1 and Table 1); This period is locally designated by "Bruma-Seca", meaning "Dry-Haze".…”

Section: Pm10 Mass and Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of sampling and filter analysis are given elsewhere (Almeida-Silva, 2014;Salvador et al, 2016); here we only provide a summary of published information. Filters were weighted with semi-micro, or micro, balances to determine PM10 total mass, at 50% RH and 20°C.…”

Section: Experimental 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol in a marine dusty environment by Ionic/composition Mass Balance (IMB)

Cardoso¹,

Almeida²,

Nunes³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. PM10 aerosol was sampled in Santiago, the largest island of Cape Verde, for one year and analysed for elements, ions and carbonaceous material. Very high levels of dust were measured during the winter months, as a result of the direct transport of dust plumes from the African continent. Ionic and Mass Balances (IMB) were applied to the analysed compounds, permitting the determination of 6-7 different processes and source contributions to the aerosol loading: insoluble and soluble 15 dust, sea-salt, carbonaceous material and secondary inorganic compounds resulting from the reaction of acidic precursors with ammonia, sea-salt and dust. The mass balance could be closed by the consideration and estimation of sorbed water that constituted 20-30% of the aerosol mass. The balance methodology was compared with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), giving quite similar results throughout the sampling campaign. This gives confidence in the capability of both methods, which are complementary, for the source apportionment of aerosol particles. 20

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Composition and origin of PM 10 in Cape Verde: Characterization of long-range transport episodes

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

Soluble iron nutrients in Saharan dust over the central Amazon rainforest

Source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol in a marine dusty environment by Ionic/composition Mass Balance (IMB)

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