Composition and molecular structure of chromoplast globules of Viola tricolor

Hansmann, Paul; Sitte, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf00272366

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In carotenogenic tissue, specific structures that sequester excess carotenoids have been described (Frey-Wyssling and Kreutzer, 1958). The simplest is the globule that has a high total lipid-to-protein ratio (Hansmann and Sitte, 1982). In crystalline-type chromoplasts, lycopene crystals are sequestered into membrane structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibril assembly and carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplasts: a model for supramolecular lipoprotein structures.

et al. 1994

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Chromoplast development in ripening bell pepper fruits is characterized by a massive synthesis of carotenoid pigments, resulting in their distinctlve red color. We have shown that 95% of these pigments accumulate in chromoplasts in speclfic lipoprotein fibrils. In addltion to carotenoids, purified fibrils contain galactolipids, phospholipids, and a single, 32-kD protein, designated fibrillin, which has antigenically related counterparts in other species. Fibrlls were reconstltuted in vitro when purified fibrillin was combined with carotenoids and polar llpids in the same stoichlometrlc ratlo found in fibrils in vivo. Antibodies dlrected against fibrillin were used to isolate a fibrillin cDNA clone and, in immunological studies, to follow its accumulation during the chloroplast-tothromoplast transltlon under different condltions. A model for fibril amhitecture is proposed wherein carotenoids accumulate in the center of the fibrils and are surrounded by a layer of polar lipids, which in turn are surrounded by an outer layer of fibrillin. Topological analysis of purlfied fibrils verified this structure. Collectively, these results suggest that the process of fibrll self-assembly in chromoplasts 1s an example of a general phenomenon shared among cells that target excess membrane llpids into deposit structures to avoid their destabilizing or toxic effects. In addition, we have shown that abscisic acid stimulates this phenomenon in chromoplasts, whereas gibberellic acid and auxin delay it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibril assembly and carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplasts: a model for supramolecular lipoprotein structures.

et al. 1994

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“…The status ofthe plastids in which pigments other than carotenoids predominate is less clear. It is, however, interesting to note that the chromoplast carotenoids of yellow Viola and of Caltha make up only 23 and 14%, respectively, ofthe globule dry weight (Sitte et al 1980;Hansmann & Sitte, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Is a Chromoplast?

Whatley

1987

New Phytologist

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“…Their function is not only restricted to lipid storage, but carotenoids also act as attractants to animals in ripened fruits or as light receptors in photosynthesis. Plastoglobules appear as globular osmiophilic structures not surrounded by a boundary membrane in electron microscopy (54,57), and it was suggested that they are in direct contact with the stromal surface of the thylakoid membranes and the inner envelope of plastids (75). The neutral lipids inside the plastoglobules form a hydrophobic matrix, which is surrounded by PLs, glycolipids, and proteins, which are termed plastid-lipid associated proteins (PAPs) or plastoglobulins.…”

Section: Nonprokaryotic Lipid Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Lipid Bodies in Prokaryotes: Recent Insights into Structure, Formation, and Relationship to Eukaryotic Lipid Depots

2005

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Many prokaryotes are able to accumulate large amounts of lipophilic compounds as inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. Members of most genera synthesize polymeric lipids such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or other polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) (125), whereas accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and wax esters (WEs) in intracellular lipid-bodies is a property of only a few prokaryotes (10). Like the formation of PHAs, TAG and WE biosynthesis is also promoted in response to stress imposed on the cells and during imbalanced growth, for example by nitrogen limitation, if an abundant carbon source is present at the same time. All these lipids act as storage compounds for energy and carbon needed for maintenance of metabolism and synthesis of cellular metabolites during starvation and in particular if growth resumes. Although neutral lipid metabolism in bacteria, especially WE biosynthesis, has attracted increasing biotechnological interest, there has so far been little interest in medical research in the formation of prokaryotic lipid bodies. However, recent findings suggest that lipid body formation and accumulation of TAGs play an important role in the metabolism of the pathogenic bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (37,52).In contrast to the restricted occurrence of storage TAGs in prokaryotes, intracellular TAGs are widespread in many eukaryotes (34,35,40,53,65,106,112,132,133). In eukaryotes, storage lipids are also deposited as lipid bodies. Their structure and formation have recently been reviewed in detail by several authors, but additional information on prokaryotic lipid-bodies has been only superficial (98,100,151). In contrast, intracellular accumulation of WEs as a storage lipid is a great exception in eukaryotes and occurs only in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) (147), and PHAs are not at all synthesized as a storage compound in eukaryotes.The number of studies investigating the enzymatic and structural fundamentals of storage lipid metabolism in bacteria has increased drastically in the last years, providing the knowledge that storage lipids in bacteria have a similar important metabolic function like in eukaryotes. This review will focus on prokaryotic neutral lipid bodies in comparison with the currently discussed models for lipid body structure and their formation in eukaryotes and with PHA inclusions in prokaryotes.

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Composition and molecular structure of chromoplast globules of Viola tricolor

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Fibril assembly and carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplasts: a model for supramolecular lipoprotein structures.

Fibril assembly and carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplasts: a model for supramolecular lipoprotein structures.

When Is a Chromoplast?

Neutral Lipid Bodies in Prokaryotes: Recent Insights into Structure, Formation, and Relationship to Eukaryotic Lipid Depots

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