Composition and Larvicidal Activity of the Oil of Dizygostemon riparius (Plantaginaceae), a New Aromatic Species Occurring in Maranhão, Brazil

Abstract

Dizygostemon riparius (Plantaginaceae) is a new aromatic herbaceous species occurring in Maranhão State, Brazil. It is used as flavorings to remove domestic animal parasites and preventing mosquitoes. GC and GC/MS were used to analyze its essential oil, and a larvicidal bioassay was performed against Aedes albopictus larvae, a vector of arboviruses in Brazil. endo-Fenchyl acetate, endo-fenchol, (E)-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were the oil's primary constituents, totalizing 88.0 %. The two morphotypes of D. riparius, with purple and white flowers, did not present a significant difference in the oils' composition. From a chemotaxonomic point of view, D. riparius oil showed some similarities with other oils of Plantaginaceae, suggesting (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide as possible chemical markers. The oil larvicidal action displayed the lowest and highest mortality percentage at 50 mg/L (2.0 %) and 600 mg/L (88.0 %). The fenchyl acetate and fenchol standards showed a lower and higher mortality percentage at a concentration of 300 mg/L (42.0 % and 26.0 %) and 900 mg/L (96.0 % and 98.0 %), respectively. The present study results with the D. riparius oil point to a new bioproduct with significant larvicidal activity.

Antifungal potential of essential oils from Pectis brevipedunculata and Dizygostemon riparius in anthracnose control in mango

“…The yield in the extraction of the essential oils was of 1.5% for both studied species, similar to the observed in other studies (BRANDÃO et al, 2020;OLIVEIRA et al, 2011).…”

“…During the evaluations was evidenced a sharp leaf fall from the fourth day in both treatments with essential oils, being of greater intensity in the treatments with the D. riparius oil. According to Brandão et al (2020), no other essential oil with high fenchil and fenchol acetate content was previously found in the literature. This can be a factor that justifies the high phytotoxicity caused in seedlings and fruits, when treated with D. riparius essential oil.…”

“…Essential oils were extracted from P. Brevipedunculata and D. riparius leaves following the methodology described byBrandão et al (2020). The extractions were performed in the UFMA Chemistry laboratory.…”

Seasonal and Circadian Evaluation of the Essential Oil of Dizygostemon riparius (Plantaginaceae), a Wild Flavoring Herb from East Maranhão, Brazil

“…The analysis of the mean contents and standard deviations of the constituents present in the D. riparius oils in the circadian study (see Figure 8) showed that the formed Group I was The yield and composition of the essential oil of Dizygostemon riparius were previously reported, with an oil content of 1.5 % and exhibiting endo-fenchyl acetate (48.0 %), endo-fenchol (35.0 %), (E)-caryophyllene (6.8 %), and caryophyllene oxide (3.3 %) as its main constituents. [10] Newly, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from D. riparius showed the presence of polymethoxyflavones and coumarins, such as isorhamnetin-3galactoside-7-rhamnoside, 3',5-dihydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxyflavone, and 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4-benzopyrone. [17] The oil of D. riparius has a refreshing and pleasant scent, similar to that of lemon and camphor, due to the presence of endo-fenchyl acetate and endo-fenchol, with a percentual of 83 %.…”

“…Its leaves and thin stems have a refreshing and pleasant aroma, are used as a food flavoring, control parasites of domestic animals, and prevent mosquitoes. [9,10] In Brazil, the representative genera of Plantaginaceae are Achetaria Cham. & Schltdl., Dizygostemon (Benth.)…”