Composition and function of oral microbiota between gingival squamous cell carcinoma and periodontitis

Li, Yuchao; Tan, Xiaoheng; Zhao, Xida; Xu, Zhongfei; Dai, Wei; Duan, Weiyi; Huang, Shao Mei; Zhang, Enjiao; Liu, Junchao; Zhang, Shuwei; Yin, R; Shi, Xiaoting; Lu, Ze; Pan, Yaping

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104710

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…can colonize the human mouth and are considered host-associated bacteria. Several Prevotella species are opportunistic pathogens and known for their role in periodontal disease (Li et al, 2020). One systematic review concluded that the subgingival pathogen levels exhibited temporary increases after orthodontic appliance placement and that these levels returned to the pretreatment levels after several months (Guo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment

Zhao

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Orthodontic treatment is widely used to treat malocclusion. However, the influence of treatment on the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary microbial changes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods In total, 19 orthodontic patients participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected at the following three timepoints: before (T0) and 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the placement of orthodontic appliances. High-throughput sequencing was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. Results The phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were predominant. Observed Species, Chao1 and ACE, which represent α diversity, were significantly decreased at T1 and subsequently increased at T2. In addition, the β diversity at T1 based on the Bray-Curtis distances differed from T0 and T2. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus were decreased with treatment, whereas those of Capnocytophaga and Neisseria exhibited the opposite results. In total, 385 of 410 operational taxonomic units were shared at T0, T1 and T2. The co-occurrence networks with hub nodes at T1 were the most complex. Conclusion Orthodontic treatment temporarily affected the saliva microbial community. This dynamic alteration in species did not induce deterioration in oral health. Oral hygiene instructions were necessary and should be emphasized during each visit. Further studies with longer observation periods and more participants are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment

Zhao

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…In a study comparing the microbiome of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) with periodontitis microbiome, members of the genera Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Prevotella were more abundant in cancerous, periodontal tissues. In contrast, saliva or soft mucosa harbored more periodontal health-related bacteria (148).…”

Section: The Microbiome and Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 95%

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

2020

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There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.

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“…The high prevalence of pathogens in our study may reflect the widespread periodontal disease and poor oral health in the general population of India [22,42]. This may be of importance, because there is evidence that the effect of bacterial pathogens on oral cancer risk may differ in individuals with and without periodontal disease [6,30,43,44]. Further, the carcinogenic potential of these pathogens may be more evident among non-users of tobacco or alcohol [5,45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Feasibility of investigating the association between bacterial pathogens and oral leukoplakia in low and middle income countries: A population-based pilot study in India

et al. 2021

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Background Certain oral bacterial pathogens may play a role in oral carcinogenesis. We assessed the feasibility of conducting a population-based study in India to examine the distributions and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in relation to oral leukoplakia (a potentially malignant disorder) and other participant characteristics. Methods This exploratory case-control study was nested within a large urban Indian cohort and the data included 22 men and women with oral leukoplakia (cases) and 69 leukoplakia-free controls. Each participant provided a salivary rinse sample, and a subset of 34 participants (9 cases; 25 controls) also provided a gingival swab sample from keratinized gingival surface for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Neither the distribution nor the levels of pathogens were associated with oral leukoplakia; however, individual pathogen levels were more strongly correlated with each other in cases compared to controls. Among controls, the median level of total pathogens was the highest (7.55×104 copies/ng DNA) among persons of low socioeconomic status. Salivary rinse provided better DNA concentration than gingival swab for qPCR analysis (mean concentration: 1.8 ng/μl vs. 0.2 ng/μl). Conclusions This study confirms the feasibility of population studies evaluating oral microbiome in low-resource settings and identifies promising leads for future research.

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Composition and function of oral microbiota between gingival squamous cell carcinoma and periodontitis

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment

Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

Feasibility of investigating the association between bacterial pathogens and oral leukoplakia in low and middle income countries: A population-based pilot study in India

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