Composition and endocrine effects of water collected in the Kibale national park in Uganda

Špirhanzlová, Petra; Fini, Jean-Baptiste; Demeneix, Barbara; Lardy-Fontan, Sophie; Vaslin-Reimann, Sophie; Lalere, Béatrice; Guma, Nelson; Tindall, Andrew J.; Krief, Sabrina

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.006

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…In addition to acute toxicity, sub-lethal effects of widely used neonicotinoid insecticides have reduced wild bee populations and threaten bee biodiversity [37]. Although the human symptoms and observed animal clinical signs or death reported by farmers in this study related to acute pesticide exposure, long-term pesticide exposure may also lead to chronic health issues [38,39,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Application Practices and Knowledge among Small-Scale Local Rice Growers and Communities in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ndayambaje

Amuguni

Coffin-Schmitt

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Agriculture contributes a third of Rwanda’s GDP and is the main source of income for rural households, with 80% of the total population involved in crop and/or livestock production. The Government of Rwanda established the Muvumba rice project in 2011 amidst a policy shift towards rice as a national staple crop. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides by local, low-income rice growers has raised concerns about potential human, animal and ecosystem health impacts as pesticide distribution and application are not strictly regulated. Although pesticide use can directly influence farmer health and ecosystems, little is known about small-scale farmers’ pesticide application practices and knowledge. We aimed to assess local application practices and understanding of pesticides to identify gaps in farmers’ knowledge on safe pesticide use and deviations from established standards and recommended practices. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of observations of pesticide practices and interviews with 206 small-scale rice growers in Nyagatare District, Rwanda, in March 2017. Descriptive statistical analyses (sample means, standard deviation and range) were performed, and we evaluated the association between farmers’ personal protective equipment (PPE) use and their education level and literacy status. Results: Over 95% of observed farmers did not comply with minimum standards for safe pesticide use, and 80% of respondents reported that they stored pesticides in their homes without personal protection measures. Education and literacy level were not significantly associated with PPE use. Additionally, 90% of respondents had experienced adverse health effects after using pesticides including intense headache, dizziness, stomach cramps, skin pain and itching, and respiratory distress. All respondents also reported animals in and around the rice scheme (cattle, birds, and fish) behaving abnormally or with signs consistent with pesticide exposure in the six months preceding the study, which may be linked to pesticide-contaminated water. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates potential for high exposure to pesticides for farmers, their families, and animals sharing rice-growing or downstream environments and points to the need for training on safe and effective pesticide use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Application Practices and Knowledge among Small-Scale Local Rice Growers and Communities in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ndayambaje

Amuguni

Coffin-Schmitt

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Pesticide drift has several other ways of affecting humans via ecosystem effects. Some species are particularly vulnerable; in Uganda, a series of studies warn that pesticide contamination is negatively affecting vulnerable species in protected areas (Krief et al, 2017;Lacroux et al, 2019;Spirhanzlova et al, 2019). According to Krief et al (2017), pesticide use at surrounding (mostly small) farms may pose an "underestimated threat" to primates in Kibale National Park.…”

Section: Beyond the Farm: Contamination Of Food And The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

Isgren

Andersson

2020

The Journal of Environment & Development

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Pesticide use is increasing in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and many smallholders purchase, handle, and apply toxic pesticides with inadequate equipment, knowledge, and technical support. Through the frame of environmental justice, this literature-based study analyzes characteristics, impacts, and drivers of smallholder pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to Uganda as a case. We find that market liberalization, poor regulation enforcement, and persistent neglect of agricultural extension place the burden of risk largely on farmers, while perceived necessity of pesticides and the elusive nature of impacts (especially under conditions of insufficient monitoring) likely delay social mobilization around pesticides. The environmental justice frame, which has seen limited application in smallholder contexts, importantly helps delineate future directions for research and practice. It is particularly effective for redirecting focus from highly limited managerial solutions for “safe use” toward deeper problem drivers and solutions capable of tackling them.

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“…Interestingly, no studies used only MeOH as the eluent, which often occurred during the extraction of analytes from Oasis HLB. Several literature reports mention the use of step elution to increase the extraction efficiency of target compounds (Zenker et al 2008;Ahrens et al 2015;Spirhanzlova et al 2019). In contrast, the volumes used in the elution from pest-POCIS ranged from 5 to 70 mL (Table 3).…”

Section: Triphasic Sorbent Admixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant analysis using passive samplers: principles, sorbents, calibration and applications. A review

2020

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Passive techniques are a constantly evolving method of monitoring water pollution, allowing the simultaneous sampling and concentration of selected chemical compounds. The most popular aqueous passive samplers are those in which sorbents are used as receiving phases, including: the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS). Originally, POCIS contained the copolymer poly(divinylbenzene)-coN -vinylpyrrolidone, which allowed the collection of analytes with 0 ≤ log K ow ≤ 5, The limitation of the use of conventional samplers for sampling water pollutants only with a specific polarity has resulted in the fact that innovative sorbents are used more and more in POCIS-like samplers. In recent years, application of several innovative sorbents in POCIS-like samplers, for example: mixed-mode ion exchange polymeric sorbents, ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers and carbon nanotubes has been described. This is the first review in which the usability of classical and innovative sorbents used in passive techniques principles has been collected and compared, and it has been shown that the type of sorbent can significantly affect the efficiency of sampling pollutants in the aquatic environment. The major points are the following: 1) principle of operation, of passive samplers, 2) characteristics of POCIS and sorbents used as receiving phases, 3) sampler calibration methods and environmental factors affecting their operation, 4) a detailed description of the application possibilities of conventional and innovative sorbents used in POCIS-like samplers. This review shows the growing number of works on the use of innovative sorption materials to overcome limitation of originally designed POCIS, and the published results, allow us to conclude that the type of sorbent may be a key factor in increasing the applicability of POCIS-like samplers.

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Composition and endocrine effects of water collected in the Kibale national park in Uganda

Abstract: This context prompted the OECD 5 and the US EPA to develop new strategies to rapidly screen and characterize the endocrine activity of chemicals and environmental contaminants, specifically for estrogen, androgen and, more recently, for thyroid and metabolism-related

Cited by 26 publications

References 165 publications

Pesticide Application Practices and Knowledge among Small-Scale Local Rice Growers and Communities in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pesticide Application Practices and Knowledge among Small-Scale Local Rice Growers and Communities in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study

An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

Pollutant analysis using passive samplers: principles, sorbents, calibration and applications. A review

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