Composition and diversity of mucosa‐associated microbiota along the entire length of the pig gastrointestinal tract; dietary influences

Abstract

Mucosa-associated microbial populations of the gastrointestinal tract are in intimate contact with the outer mucus layer. This proximity offers these populations a higher potential, than lumenal microbiota, in exerting effects on the host. Functional characteristics of the microbiota and influences of host-physiology shape the composition and activity of the mucosa-associated bacterial community. We have shown previously that inclusion of an artificial sweetener, SUCRAM, included in the diet of weaning piglets modulates the composition of lumenal-residing gut microbiota and reduces weaning-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, using Illumina sequencing we characterised the mucosa-associated microbiota along the length of the intestine of piglets, and determined the effect of SUCRAM supplementation on mucosa-associated populations. There were clear distinctions in the composition of mucosa-associated microbiota, between small and large intestine, concordant with differences in regional oxygen distribution and nutrient provision by the host. There were significant differences in the composition of mucosa-associated compared with lumenal microbiota in pig caecum. Dietary supplementation with SUCRAM affected mucosa-associated bacterial community structure along the length of the intestinal tract. Most notably, there was a substantial reduction in predominant Campylobacter populations proposing that SUCRAM supplementation of swine diet has potential for reducing meat contamination and promoting food safety.

Preparing the Gut with Antibiotics Enhances Gut Microbiota Reprogramming Efficiency by Promoting Xenomicrobiota Colonization

“…Previous studies demonstrated that the microbiota in the small intestine is less stable than that in the large intestine (Gu et al, 2013; Kelly et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017), which suggests that the microbiota in the small intestine may be susceptible to environmental factors. In support of this idea, FMT has been demonstrated to be most effective in diseases of the large intestine diseases, such as CDI or IBD (Fuentes et al, 2014; Bagdasarian et al, 2015; Marchesi et al, 2016; Ishikawa et al, 2017).…”

Impact of high‐grain diet feeding on mucosa‐associated bacterial community and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine of goats

“…Mucosa-associated bacteria in the gastrointestine play a vital role in regulating the barrier function and immune system (Kelly et al, 2016). Previous researchers used the high-throughput sequencing method to study the diversity and composition of epithelium-associated microbial communities in the rumen and hindgut (colon and cecum) of goats (Jiao, Huang, Zhou, & Tan, 2015;Liu et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2016).…”

“…However, little information is available on changes in the composition and diversity of the mucosa‐associated microbiota and mucosal health in the small intestine of ruminants fed a HG diet. Mucosa‐associated bacteria in the small intestine play a critical role in regulating the barrier function and immune system (Kelly et al, ). Thus, maintenance of the well balance of the mucosa‐associated microbiota of small intestine in ruminants is extremely important for health and performance of goats.…”

“…Mucosa-associated bacteria in the small intestine play a critical role in regulating the barrier function and immune system (Kelly et al, 2016). Thus, maintenance of the well balance of the mucosa-associated microbiota of small intestine in ruminants is extremely important for health and performance of goats.…”

Influence of the artificial sodium saccharin sweetener Sucram® on the microbial community composition in the rumen content and attached to the rumen epithelium in dairy cattle: A pilot study

“…The effects of artificial sweeteners such as Sucram ® on mammalian GI microbiomes have increasingly been studied over the last few years as a possible mechanistic pathway by which these food additives may influence host physiology. Several studies have described alterations in the microbiome caused by the inclusion of artificial sweeteners in monogastric animals and humans [3–11]. However, little to no research into if saccharin-based artificial sweeteners affect the GI microbiota of ruminants is currently available.…”