Composition and Distribution of Epiphytic Organic Matter in a Neotropical Cloud Forest, Costa Rica

Ingram, Stephen W.; Nadkarni, Nalini M.

doi:10.2307/2388861

Cited by 116 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It has been well established that, within the canopy, many epiphyte species have preferences in vertical canopy distribution (Bøgh, 1992;Freiberg, 1996;Hietz and Hietz-Seifert, 1995b;Ingram and Nadkarni, 1993;Johansson, 1978;Pupulin et al, 1995;Rudolph et al, 1998;ter Steege and Cornelissen, 1989). However, what environmental habitat factors determine these distributions is less well known.…”

Section: Determine the Distribution Of The Epiphyte Flora Within A Simentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preferences of vertical distribution by epiphyte species influence the spatial arrangement within host trees and forests of both non-vascular Pentecost, 1998) and vascular epiphytes (Bøgh, 1992;Freiberg, 1996;Hietz and Hietz-Seifert, 1995b;Ingram and Nadkarni, 1993;Johansson, 1978;Pupulin et al, 1995;Rudolph et al, 1998; ter . Though many studies have now addressed the three-dimensional aspects of epiphyte distribution, the vast majority were undertaken in lowland forest canopies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epiphytic bryophytes and habitat variation in montane rainforest, Peru

Romanski¹,

Pharo

Kirkpatrick³

2011

The Bryologist

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A total of 190 holoepiphytic and 5 hemiepiphytic vascular plant species were collected from the canopy and the trunk of an emergent Ficus L. species host that is common to a Peruvian cloud forest. One hundred and fourteen of the vascular epiphyte species were orchids. A large majority of the vascular species were rare in occurrence. Vascular epiphyte diversity and density was highest in the outer canopy zone of the host crown. In the inner canopy zone there was a dearth of epiphytes, attributed to a high rate of epiphyte slumping on the smooth-barked branches. The trunk had a different suit of species to those found in the canopy.During the wet season, the thickening of epiphytic matter in the outer canopy zone appeared to contribute to a large amelioration of daytime and nocturnal temperatures through evaporation and heat retention respectively.Nocturnal temperatures were highest in the outer canopy zone, and were lowest on the forest floor. The latter was attributed to the downward flow of the product of radiative cooling as a result of the heterogeneous canopy on the steep slope.Epiphyte clumps appear to slump before competition causes the loss of early successional species. Some species showed a preference for more shaded epiphyte clumps and many were more frequent on smaller branch diameters. Most species showed a moderately high niche overlap with a large number of other species, which suggested a high degree of species coexistence.Epiphyte slumping is suggested to be the major driving mechanism for the maintenance of non-equilibrium in the community. Aspects of the phenologies of epiphytes, age-structure of the community and high environmental variation could be other mechanisms for the maintenance of a high degree of species coexistence.iii

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Section: Determine the Distribution Of The Epiphyte Flora Within A Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epiphytic bryophytes and habitat variation in montane rainforest, Peru

Romanski¹,

Pharo

Kirkpatrick³

2011

The Bryologist

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“…A single tree may support more than 50 different species (e.g. Ingram & Nadkarni 1993). However, we still know little of the dynamics of epiphyte communities (Benzing 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epiphyte vegetation of the palm Socratea exorrhiza - correlations with tree size, tree age and bryophyte cover

2003

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Abstract:We conducted a survey of the epiphyte flora growing on the stilt palm Socratea exorrhiza in a primary lowland rain forest in Panama by means of a canopy crane. For each palm in a 0.9-ha plot, we determined diameter at breast height, tree height, per cent bryophyte cover and the number, identity and attachment site of all vascular epiphytes. The 118 palm trees hosted a total of 701 epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes, belonging to 66 species. Trees were estimated to be c. 20 y old before colonization with vascular epiphytes began. Epiphyte species were highly clumped and segregated along the vertical axis of the trunk. Sequential colonization led to an increased number of species and individuals as the tree grows. Epiphytes were associated with bryophyte patches much more than expected by chance, but no species seemed to depend upon them for establishment. The influence of tree size, age and bryophyte cover on the composition of the epiphyte community are discussed.

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“…Although large trees usually provide appropriate microsites allowing higher abundance and species richness in the upper part of the trunk and on the main ramifi cation of the tree crown, as already recorded in humid areas (see ter Steege & Cornelissen 1989, Van Leerdam et al 1990, Ingram & Nadkarni 1993, the tree crowns from the Jacarepiá dry forest seem to be an overexposed site for bromeliad establishment. In contrast, the subcanopy and understorey regions would maintain enough humidity to enable bromeliads and general epiphytes to complete their life cycles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In this regard, although it is biologically reasonable to assume that large trees have higher abundance and richness of epiphytes, correlations between diameter and abundance are by no means the rule (see Ingram & Nadkarni 1993, Moran et al 2003. Some authors have suggested that correlations may occur because of longer exposition of the trunks to epiphytic seeds (Bennet 1987), while other authors have stated that the lack of correlation may occur due to environmental conditions, such as microclimatic variations, or accidents caused by foraging arboreal animals (Perry 1978, Zotz & Vollrath 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat utilization and CAM occurrence among epiphytic bromeliads in a dry forest from southeastern Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Reinert²

2009

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Habitat utilization and CAM occurrence among epiphytic bromeliads in a dry forest from southeastern Brazil). We studied the community and habitat occupation of epiphytes to understand how these plants cope with a supposedly stressful habitat: i) how general epiphytes occupy tree trunks, ii) how epiphytic bromeliads, occupy their supportive trees, iii) how CAM bromeliads are spatially distributed. The study was done in the dry forest of Jacarepiá, State of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection on epiphytes, phorophytes, and trees was based on the point-center quarter method. The photosynthetic pathway of the bromeliad species was determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The presence of Gesneriaceae, Araceae, and Cactaceae indicates that some humidity is present in the area allowing the presence of supposedly less-specialized epiphytes. There was no correlation between epiphyte abundance and phorophyte diameter, and phorophytes had larger sizes than trees that do not host epiphytes. There was correlation between tree diameter and bromeliad abundance, and lack of correlation between diameter and bromeliad richness. Only one species was typical of the understorey and one was typical of the canopy, while intermediate heights were occupied by different species. The only C 3 bromeliad species (Vriesea procera (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Wittm.) was signifi cantly more exposed than the other species. If CAM occurrence is related to water economy, the fact that a C 3 species is subjected to more exposed conditions is remarkable. Further comments are presented on the proportion between CAM bromeliad species and abundance in dry forest. Regarding life forms, holoepiphytes, as opposed to hemiepiphytes, showed not to be restricted by the phorophyte's diameter suggesting a more successful establishment of this life form.Key words -Atlantic rainforest, Bromeliaceae, canopy, restinga vegetation RESUMO -(Utilização de hábitat e ocorrência do metabolismo CAM entre bromélias epífi tas em uma fl oresta seca do sudeste do Brasil). Investigamos a comunidade e a ocupação de epífi tas da fl oresta seca de Jacarepiá, Rio de Janeiro para entender: i) como epífi tas em geral ocupam troncos das árvores; ii) como bromélias epífi tas ocupam árvores suporte; iii) distribuição espacial de bromélias CAM. A coleta de dados sobre epífi tas, forófi tos e árvores foi baseada no método ponto quadrante central. A via fotossintética das bromélias epífi tas foi determinada por espectrometria de massa. A presença de Gesneriaceae, Araceae e Cactaceae indicam umidade sufi ciente para permitir a presença de epífi tas supostamente menos especializadas. Não houve correlação entre abundância de epífi tas e diâmetro dos forófi tos, e forófi tos possuíram maior tamanho que árvores sem epífi tas. Houve correlação entre diâmetro das árvores e abundância de bromélias e falta de correlação entre diâmetro e riqueza de bromélias. Somente uma espécie foi típica da submata e outra do dossel. Estes resultados diferem do padrão de ocupação de microsítios por epífi...

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Composition and Distribution of Epiphytic Organic Matter in a Neotropical Cloud Forest, Costa Rica

Cited by 116 publications

References 22 publications

Epiphytic bryophytes and habitat variation in montane rainforest, Peru

Epiphytic bryophytes and habitat variation in montane rainforest, Peru

The epiphyte vegetation of the palm Socratea exorrhiza - correlations with tree size, tree age and bryophyte cover

Habitat utilization and CAM occurrence among epiphytic bromeliads in a dry forest from southeastern Brazil

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