Composition and digestibility during ageing of Italian ryegrass leaves of consecutive insertion levels

Groot, J.C.J.; Neuteboom, J.H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199710)75:2<227::aid-jsfa869>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, in this study, a poor relationship between herbage mass and NDF or ADF was found (data not shown). Indeed, NDF and ADF remained relatively constant compared to the DM yield response to N source and split application throughout four regrowth periods, consistent with previous findings [30,31]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative nitrogen use efficiency of urea and pig slurry for regrowth yield and nutritive value in perennial ryegrass sward

Park

Lee

Cho

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the N use efficiency (NUE) of pig slurry (in comparison with chemical fertilizer) for each regrowth yield and annual herbage production and their nutritive value.MethodsConsecutive field experiments were separately performed using a single application with a full dose of N (200 kg N/ha) in 2014 and by four split applications in 2015 in different sites. The experiment consisted of three treatments: i) control plots that received no additional N, ii) chemical fertilizer-N as urea, and iii) pig-slurry-N with five replicates.ResultsThe effect of N fertilization on herbage yield, N recovery in herbage, residual inorganic N in soil, and crude protein were significantly positive. When comparing the NUE between the two N sources (urea and pig slurry), pig slurry was significantly less effective for the earlier two regrowth periods, as shown by lower regrowth dry matter (DM) yield, N amount recovered in herbage, and inorganic N availability in soil at the 1st and 2nd cut compared to those of urea-applied plots. However, the effect of split application of the two N sources was significantly positive at the last two regrowth periods (at the 3rd and 4th cut). The two N sources and/or split application had little or no influence on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and in vitro DM digestibility, whereas cutting date was a large source of variation for these variables, resulting in a significant increase in in vitro DM digestibility for the last two regrowth periods when an increase in NDF and ADF content occurred. Split application of N reduced the N loss via nitrate leaching by 36% on average for the two N sources compared to a single application.ConclusionThe pig slurry-N was utilized as efficiently as urea-N for annual herbage yield, with a significant increase in NUE especially for the latter regrowth periods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative nitrogen use efficiency of urea and pig slurry for regrowth yield and nutritive value in perennial ryegrass sward

Park

Lee

Cho

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…It is well known that the composition of herbage of grass-dominant pastures changes during regrowth. As the leaves of both temperate and tropical grasses age, their digestibility declines due to increasing indigestible cell wall content and decreasing cell wall digestibility [41][42][43][44]. Thus, overall fibre content of herbage increases, while fibre digestibility declines, as regrowth proceeds.…”

Section: Pasture Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Ecophysiology to Improve Farm Efficiency: Application in Temperate Dairy Grazing Systems

Chapman

2016

Agriculture

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Information on the physiological ecology of grass-dominant pastures has made a substantial contribution to the development of practices that optimise the amount of feed harvested by grazing animals in temperate livestock systems. However, the contribution of ecophysiology is often under-stated, and the need for further research in this field is sometimes questioned. The challenge for ecophysiolgists, therefore, is to demonstrate how ecophysiological knowledge can help solve significant problems looming for grassland farming in temperate regions while also removing constraints to improved productivity from grazed pastures. To do this, ecophysiological research needs to align more closely with related disciplines, particularly genetics/genomics, agronomy, and farming systems, including systems modelling. This review considers how ecophysiological information has contributed to the development of grazing management practices in the New Zealand dairy industry, an industry that is generally regarded as a world leader in the efficiency with which pasture is grown and utilised for animal production. Even so, there are clear opportunities for further gains in pasture utilisation through the refinement of grazing management practices and the harnessing of those practices to improved pasture plant cultivars with phenotypes that facilitate greater grazing efficiency. Meanwhile, sub-optimal persistence of new pastures continues to constrain productivity in some environments. The underlying plant and population processes associated with this have not been clearly defined. Ecophysiological information, placed in the context of trait identification, grounded in well-designed agronomic studies and linked to plant improvements programmes, is required to address this.

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“…15,24 Thus the herbage composition per layer was a result of the gradient along a leaf and of the difference between successive leaves on a tiller. 16,23,26 The difference in digestibility between laminae at different insertion levels results from the addition of less digestible segments rather than a reduction in overall lamina digestibility. 24 Two reasons may be offered to explain the continuum in herbage composition between lamina and sheath components.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Fertiliser Rates and Defoliation Regimes mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rates and defoliation regimes on the vertical structure and composition (crude protein content and digestibility) of a grass sward

Duru

2003

J Sci Food Agric

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The vertical sward structure (proportions of lamina and sheath) and sward composition (crude protein and digestibility) have an effect on animal behaviour and performance, but their variation through management is not well known. We studied the effect of defoliation regime and nitrogen supply on these sward characteristics. There were six treatments, two nitrogen fertiliser rates combined with three defoliation regimes. Two of the latter mimicked a long growth duration (up to 7 weeks) and one mimicked a short period of regrowth (2 weeks). The swards were cut 7 cm from ground level. We found that there was a single relationship between sheath length and sward height, regardless of treatment and sampling date. For the treatments which mimicked a long growth duration, crude protein and digestibility decreased linearly from the top to the base of the sward when these decreases were expressed per unit of herbage mass. Conversely, for the treatments which mimicked a short growth duration, crude protein and digestibility fell quickly between the upper layers and those close to the ground. This discontinuity was the result of a smaller number of laminae per tiller than for the other treatments, whereas the composition of the sheath was the same. For resting periods longer than 20 days a model was proposed to simulate the effect of sward defoliation depth on the chemical composition of the diet selected by grazing animals according to available herbage mass before and during grazing. From a practical point of view the sward height alone could not be used to predict the sward composition from the top to the base of the sward and its effect on diet selection by grazers. The length of the resting period needs to be known in addition to the residual sward height.

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Composition and digestibility during ageing of Italian ryegrass leaves of consecutive insertion levels

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative nitrogen use efficiency of urea and pig slurry for regrowth yield and nutritive value in perennial ryegrass sward

Comparative nitrogen use efficiency of urea and pig slurry for regrowth yield and nutritive value in perennial ryegrass sward

Using Ecophysiology to Improve Farm Efficiency: Application in Temperate Dairy Grazing Systems

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rates and defoliation regimes on the vertical structure and composition (crude protein content and digestibility) of a grass sward

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