Composition and Biological Activity of Vitis vinifera Winter Cane Extract on Candida Biofilm

Abstract

Vitis vinifera canes are waste material of grapevine pruning and thus represent cheap source of high-value polyphenols. In view of the fact that resistance of many pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is a growing problem, the antimicrobial activity of plant polyphenols is studied as one of the possible approaches. We have investigated the total phenolic content, composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal activity against Candida biofilm of an extract from winter canes and a commercially available extract from blue grapes. Light microscopy and confocal microscopy imaging as well as crystal violet staining were used to quantify and visualize the biofilm. We found a decrease in cell adhesion to the surface depending on the concentration of resveratrol in the cane extract. The biofilm formation was observed as metabolic activity of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei biofilm cells and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations were determined. The highest inhibition of metabolic activity was observed in Candida albicans biofilm after treatment with the cane extract (30 mg/L) and blue grape extract (50 mg/L). The composition of cane extract was analyzed and found to be comparatively different from blue grape extract. In addition, the content of total phenolic groups in cane extract was three-times higher (12.75 gGA/L). The results showed that cane extract was more effective in preventing biofilm formation than blue grape extract and winter canes have proven to be a potential source of polyphenols for antimicrobial and antibiofilm treatment.

Background and Perspectives on the Utilization of Canes’ and Bunch Stems’ Residues from Wine Industry as Sources of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

“…Kodešet al 177 evaluated the antifungal activity of cane extract against Candida biofilm formation. A decrease in cell adhesion to the surface depending on the concentration of resveratrol in the cane extract was reported.…”

Grapevine Wastes: A Rich Source of Antioxidants and Other Biologically Active Compounds

“…The cosmetic formulation was achieved by dissolving the Carbopol in a mixture of extract/water: 75%/17% ratio at room temperature, while to form a homogeneous gel, triethanolamine was added under continuous stirring. Furthermore, vine cane extracts effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 5 mg/L and 30 mg/L respectively [ 70 ].…”

Physico-Chemical Characterization, Phenolic Compound Extraction and Biological Activity of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Canes

“…Data regarding the biological potential of the purified grapevine cane polyphenolic extracts are very scarce, most of the research being mainly directed at the identification and quantification of stilbenes, rather than to a synergistic valorization of the plant material composition. Recent studies have shown that grapevine cane crude extracts are rich in bioactive compounds with good antioxidant potential [38,39] and particular antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and yeasts [39,40], but the reported results vary widely depending on the grapevine genotype and the tested microorganisms, in generally being directly correlated with the phenolic compounds' concentration [4].…”