Composites of nanofibrillated cellulose with clay minerals: A review

Alves, Luís; Ferraz, Eduardo; Gamelas, José A. F.

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2019.101994

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…As stated previously [5], a good dispersion of the clay mineral in a selected medium, preferentially water-based, is essential to achieve superior properties in the final bionanocomposites. Acicular individual particles of fibrous clays, such as sepiolite, easily aggregate in water by hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions to form bundles and aggregates, which limits the quality of the clay dispersion [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The present work evaluates the influence of four dispersing agents (sodium polyphosphate, hydrophobically modified poly(sodium acrylate) (HM-PAA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and sodium alginate) and three distinct dispersion apparatus (magnetic stirring, ultrasonication, and high-speed shearing) on the dispersion state of water-based suspensions of sepiolite, at low concentration. The capacity of each dispersing agent and apparatus, as well as the effect of the suspension pH, were studied aiming at improving the disaggregation and the formation of stable suspensions, i.e., no phase separation (by visual inspection) for a period of at least 90 days, crucial to significantly enhance the performance and extend the application of fibrous-like clays, for example, in cellulose nanofibrils/clay composite formulations, allowing an adequate mixture of the matrix and filler individual components [5]. Related with the chemical dispersants addressed in the present work, and polysaccharides, in general, studies have been reported in literature dealing with the preparation of composites of sepiolite with poly(sodium acrylate) [15], CMC and alginate (films) [16], alginate and starch (foams) [17], and nanofibrillated cellulose (nanopapers) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Colloidal Stability of Sepiolite Suspensions: Effect of the Mechanical Disperser and Chemical Dispersant

et al. 2020

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To allow the use of fibrous-like clays, as sepiolite, in different applications, their disaggregation and the formation of stable suspensions are crucial steps to enhance their performance significantly, e.g., in cellulose nanofibrils/clay composite formulations, enabling an adequate mixture of the matrix and filler individual components. Three distinct physical treatments of dispersion (magnetic stirring, high-speed shearing, and ultrasonication) and four different chemical dispersants (polyacrylate, polyphosphate, carboxymethylcellulose, and alginate, all in the form of sodium salts) were tested to improve the dispersibility and the formation of stable suspensions of sepiolite. Two sepiolite samples from the same origin but with different pre-treatments were evaluated. The particle size and suspension stability were evaluated by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements and optical microscopy. Additionally, the sepiolite samples were initially characterized for their mineralogical, chemical, and morphologic properties. Of the three physical dispersion treatments tested, the ultrasonicator typically produced more stable suspensions; on the other hand, the biopolymer carboxymethylcellulose showed a higher ability to produce stable suspensions, being, however, a smaller particle size obtained when polyphosphate was used. Remarkably, 47 out of 90 prepared suspensions of sepiolite stayed homogeneous for at least three months after their preparation. In sum, the combination of a high energy dispersing equipment with an appropriate dispersing agent led to stable suspensions with optimal properties to be used in different applications, like in the composite production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Colloidal Stability of Sepiolite Suspensions: Effect of the Mechanical Disperser and Chemical Dispersant

et al. 2020

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“…Several authors have successfully used crystalline minerals such as montmorillonite or other clays in combination with CNF to improve the barrier properties in presence of high RH environments [42,110] due to crystalline minerals that are completely impermeable to water, gas and oil, because of the increase in the tortuosity of the path for them.…”

Section: Barrier Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

et al. 2020

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Nanocelluloses (NC) increase mechanical and barrier paper properties allowing the use of paper in applications actually covered by other materials. Despite the exponential increase of information, NC have not been fully implemented in papermaking yet, due to the challenges of using NC. This paper provides a review of the main new findings and emerging possibilities in this field by focusing mainly on: (i) Decoupling the effects of NC on wet-end and paper properties by using synergies with retention aids, chemical modification, or filler preflocculation; (ii) challenges and solutions related to the incorporation of NC in the pulp suspension and its effects on barrier properties; and (iii) characterization needs of NC at an industrial scale. The paper also includes the market perspectives. It is concluded that to solve these challenges specific solutions are required for each paper product and process, being the wet-end optimization the key to decouple NC effects on drainage and paper properties. Furthermore, the effect of NC on recyclability must also be taken into account to reach a compromise solution. This review helps readers find upscale options for using NC in papermaking and identify further research needs within this field.

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“…Additionally, BC constitutes a great matrix for the synthesis of functional composites due to its huge nanoporous area and the presence of oxygen atoms rich in electrons [15,[21][22][23]. Therefore, some researchers have investigated BC-reinforced polymer composites with different materials, including conducting materials [24], graphene oxide [20], carbon nanotubes [25], ceramics [26], and biopolymers [27], for various biotechnological applications.In the past few years, polymer nanocomposites with numerous clays have been extensively investigated mainly due to their cost effectiveness and possible applicability in various areas, including structural, electronics, and biomedical industries [28][29][30]. Montmorillonite (MMT) is a surface-reactive hydroxyl-layered aluminum silicate clay mineral that forms microscopic platinum crystals [31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, polymer nanocomposites with numerous clays have been extensively investigated mainly due to their cost effectiveness and possible applicability in various areas, including structural, electronics, and biomedical industries [28][29][30]. Montmorillonite (MMT) is a surface-reactive hydroxyl-layered aluminum silicate clay mineral that forms microscopic platinum crystals [31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Methods for Cultivating Gluconacetobacter hansenii for Bacterial Cellulose and Montmorillonite Biocomposite Production: Wound-Dressing Applications

et al. 2020

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) has received considerable attention due to its unique properties, including an ultrafine network structure with high purity, mechanical strength, inherent biodegradability, biocompatibility, high water-holding capacity and high crystallinity. These properties allow BC to be used in biomedical and industrial applications, such as medical product. This research investigated the production of BC by Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 using different carbon sources (glucose, mannitol, sucrose and xylose) at two different concentrations (25 and 50 g∙L−1). The BC produced was used to develop a biocomposite with montmorillonite (MMT), a clay mineral that possesses interesting characteristics for enhancing BC physical-chemical properties, at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% concentrations. The resulting biocomposites were characterized in terms of their physical and barrier properties, morphologies, water-uptake capacities, and thermal stabilities. Our results show that bacteria presented higher BC yields in media with higher glucose concentrations (50 g∙L−1) after a 14-day incubation period. Additionally, the incorporation of MMT significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the BC membranes. The degradation temperature of the composites was extended, and a decrease in the water holding capacity (WHC) and an improvement in the water release rate (WRR) were noted. Determining a cost-effective medium for the production of BC and the characterization of the produced composites are extremely important for the biomedical applications of BC, such as in wound dressing materials.

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Composites of nanofibrillated cellulose with clay minerals: A review

Cited by 70 publications

References 130 publications

Improving Colloidal Stability of Sepiolite Suspensions: Effect of the Mechanical Disperser and Chemical Dispersant

Improving Colloidal Stability of Sepiolite Suspensions: Effect of the Mechanical Disperser and Chemical Dispersant

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

Evaluation of Different Methods for Cultivating Gluconacetobacter hansenii for Bacterial Cellulose and Montmorillonite Biocomposite Production: Wound-Dressing Applications

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