Composite Risk Score for Kaposi's Sarcoma Based on a Case-Control and Longitudinal Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Population

Armenian, Haroutune K.; Hoover, Donald R.; Rubb, Susan; Metz, Steve; Kaslow, Richard A.; Visscher, Barbara R.; Chmiel, Joan S.; Kingsley, Lawrence; Saah, Alfred J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116854

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…What is less clear is why the associations of syphilis and HIV with HHV-8 do not extend as clearly to other STDs, which were also common in this population [14]. KS and HHV-8 infection in men have been linked to STDs, particularly syphilis [10,15,16]. Smith and colleagues [17] recently reported that heterosexual sex was not a mode of HHV-8 transmission in a large cohort of adults attending an STD clinic in Great Britain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Among Africans and homosexual men, the risk of KS and/or HHV-8 infection is variably associated with specific behaviors, such as a large number of lifetime sex partners [8,9], rectal intercourse [10], and oral-anal contact [11]. In our study, lifetime number of male sex partners was statistically associated with HHV-8 infection among HIV-infected women, a finding that did not extend to the HIV-uninfected study participants (perhaps due to a smaller sample size).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and –Uninfected Women

et al. 2001

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Little is known about the epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infections among women. A cross-sectional study was conducted of HHV-8 infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women. Serological tests with noninduced (latent) and induced (lytic) HHV-8 antigens were used to detect infection among 2483 participants of a multisite cohort. Reactivity to latent antigen was present in 4.1% and to induced antigens in 12.0% of women. Seven of 8 women who reported Kaposi's sarcoma had HHV-8 antibodies. Among HIV-positive women, HHV-8 infection was associated with use of crack, cocaine, or heroin (76% vs. 65%; P<.001), past syphilis (29% vs. 20%; P<.001), an injection drug-using male sex partner (61% vs. 53%; P=.014), black race (P=.010), and enrollment site (P=.015). In multivariate analysis, HIV infection, older age, past syphilis, black race, and enrollment site were independently associated with HHV-8 infection. In this cohort of North American women, HHV-8 infection was associated with HIV infection, drug use, and risky sexual behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and –Uninfected Women

et al. 2001

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“…These observations suggested that some cofactor highly associated with gay lifestyle was operating in conjunction with HIV in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related KS. Nitrite inhalants were suggested as one possible factor (10,11,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56).…”

Section: History and Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrite inhalants are used more commonly by gay men than others (6); use has been declining since AIDS was first reported (30) and has roughly paralleled the pattern of reported KS cases, and use among whites is greater than among blacks, as is the incidence of KS (22). Second, some, but not all, epidemiologic studies have shown a statistical association between the development of KS among gay men with AIDS and the use of large quantities of nitrite inhalants when compared with gay men with AIDS, but without KS (11,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). Third, anecdotal reports of increased frequency of AIDS-related KS on the chest and face, especially the nose, and in the lungs are consistent with the body areas most heavily exposed to nitrite vapors when inhaled.…”

Section: History and Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite inhalants: history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS.

Haverkos

Kopstein

Wilson

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Nitrite inhalants have been commonly abused substances in the United States. Nitrite inhalants and AIDS was a popular topic in the early 1980s, when the cause of AIDS was not known. With the discovery of HIV, concern about nitrite use in the USA waned. However, nitrite inhalant use is associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and it remains a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Discouraging nitrite use continues to be a worthwhile public health goal.

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“…This unique distribution has led to the hypothesis that a sexually transmitted factor is involved. Geographical factors, coexisting sexually transmitted infections, recreational drugs like nitrates and the number of sexual partners are factors influencing the frequency of EKS [2,9]. Although the proportion of homosexual and bi sexual patients developing EKS until death remained constant, the incidence of EKS as the primary AIDS manifestation decreased [30], Tírese data suggest the increasing manifesta tion of EKS in more advanced stages of HIV-infection as a second or third AIDS event.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Mitrou¹

1996

Oncol Res Treat

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Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) was first described 100 years ago. This tumor of endothelial origin starts in the skin or mucous membranes. The classical form is rare, affects elderly persons of Mediterannean origin and is generally indolent. The African variant develops in children and young men, showing an aggressive and usually fatal course. The third variant of KS affects immunodeficient patients, particularly renal transplant recipients and HIV-infected persons. The epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (EKS) is the most common tumor of HIV-infected patients with an incidence of up to 50%. The cause of EKS still remains to be determined. The clinical progression of the disease is closely related to the immunologic defect. This tumor generally appears with multiple skin, oral lesions and/or lymph node involvement. Progressive EKS may infiltrate lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of EKS must take into account the extent of the tumor and debilitating symptoms or tumor-associated severe to life-threatening complications. Therapeutic approaches include local treatment with radiotherapy, intralesional injections of dilute chemotherapy, topical application of liquid nitrogen, laser treatment or systemic therapy with interferon or cytostatic agents. The choice of therapy should be based on the specific needs of the individual patient. EKS-associated clinical symptoms, immunological status and other HlV-in-duced diseases, particularly opportunistic infections, influence the therapeutic decision.

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Composite Risk Score for Kaposi's Sarcoma Based on a Case-Control and Longitudinal Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Population

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and –Uninfected Women

Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and –Uninfected Women

Nitrite inhalants: history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS.

Management of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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