Composite Polyvinylpyrrolidone–Sodium Alginate—Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Films for Bone Repair and Wound Dressings Applications

Abstract

Today, the synthesis of biocompatible and bioresorbable composite materials such as “polymer matrix-mineral constituent,” which stimulate the natural growth of living tissues and the restoration of damaged parts of the body, is one of the challenging problems in regenerative medicine. In this study, composite films of bioresorbable polymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium alginate (SA) with hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained. HA was introduced by two different methods. In one of them, it was synthesized in situ in a solution of polymer mixture, and in another one, it was added ex situ. Phase composition, microstructure, swelling properties and biocompatibility of films were investigated. The crosslinked composite PVP-SA-HA films exhibit hydrogel swelling characteristics, increasing three times in mass after immersion in a saline solution. It was found that composite PVP-SA-HA hydrogel films containing HA synthesized in situ exhibited acute cytotoxicity, associated with the presence of HA synthesis reaction byproducts—ammonia and ammonium nitrate. On the other hand, the films with HA added ex situ promoted the viability of dental pulp stem cells compared to the films containing only a polymer PVP-SA blend. The developed composite hydrogel films are recommended for such applications, such as membranes in osteoplastic surgery and wound dressing.

A review on the synthesis and development of alginate hydrogels for wound therapy

“…The hydrogels prepared by adding other polymer materials into sodium alginate can retain the advantages of sodium alginate hydrogels, and obtain the advantages of other polymer hydrogels to compensate for their defects. 37 Additives used in current research include polylactic acid, 38 chitin, 39 pectin, 40 polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 41 polyvinyl alcohol, 42,43 chitosan, 44 gelatin, 45–47 polyethylene glycol, 48 hyaluronic acid, 49 and others. The addition of other matrix materials can reduce the difficulty of modifying alginate hydrogels, thus reducing costs.…”

The Structural Integrity and Fracture Behaviour of Teeth Restored with PEEK and Lithium-Disilicate Glass Ceramic Crowns

“…The teeth were mounted to the fixed base of the machine parallel to the crosshead. A crosshead with a speed of 1 mm/min with a standard diameter ball head (4.24 mm) was used as a static compression axial load indenter [14,15] (Figure 12). A rubber dam (2 × 2 cm) with a standard thickness of 1 mm was used as a stress breaker (Figure 13).…”

“…PEEK crown samples did not fracture but showed signs of deformation at higher survival loads of 11 kg (930 N) and potentially more for 5000 cycles (Figure 17). Consequently, an occlusal load that is usually applied on the posterior teeth of 300 N to 500 N [14,28,34,40] was considered more appropriate at 5 kg (522 N).…”

“…PEEK materials have rigidity comparable to bone fixation plates for fractured bones, orthopaedic implants, joint arthroplasty, and vertebral cages [10,11]. In dentistry, PEEK has various applications due to its good biological, mechanical, aesthetic, and handling properties with excellent results in comparison to other conventional materials [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Inorganic-based biomaterials for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

“…As for wound healing, biomaterials with forms of basic dressings or scaffolds play the role of fundamental fixing and supporting during the wound healing process. 41 On the other hand, multifunctional inorganic-based wound healing biomaterials have been developed to induce specific therapeutic effects on wound healing. These multifunctional biomaterials possess antibacterial, photothermal, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and hair follicle regeneration functions, which can synergistically accelerate wound healing.…”