Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Burke, Robert E.

doi:10.1152/jn.1967.30.5.1114

Cited by 195 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…However, given simultaneous conductance changes, the degree of non-linear PSP summation in such an interaction may be variable, from undetectable to considerable, depending on the spatial relation between the sites of conductance change. In situations in which mutual interaction of conductances is minimal, the resulting potential may approach a linear sum of the individual interacting PSPs (see Burke, 1967;Rall et al 1967). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of neuronal models suggest that the spatial organization of excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the receptive membrane ofa neurone with dendrites can have significant effects on the integration of synaptic information in the post-synaptic cell (Rall, 1964(Rall, , 1967. Such effects have been reported in cat spinal motoneurones for interactions between excitatory synaptic inputs (Burke, 1967;Kuno & Miyahara, 1969), and for interactions of excitatory with inhibitory inputs (Llinas & Terzuolo, 1965;Rall, Burke, Smith, Nelson & Frank, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spatial synaptic distribution of recurrent and group Ia inhibitory systems in cat spinal motoneurones

Burke¹,

Fedina²,

Lundberg³

1971

The Journal of Physiology

109

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Ito & Oscarsson, 1961; Coombs, Eccles & Fatt, 1955).3. Studied with potassium chloride filled micropipettes. the reversal potential for the group I a IPSP was found to be different from that for the recurrent IPSP when the amount of Cl-diffusing or iontophoretically injected into the motoneurone was small. The amount of difference in reversal potential varied from cell to cell but when present the group I a IPSP reversed to a depolarizing potential more readily than the recurrent IPSP in all cases.4. Interaction between recurrent IPSPs and monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) was also studied and the amount of nonlinearity of potential summation was measured.5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the terminations of Renshaw cells responsible for the recurrent IPSP are located largely on the proximal dendrites of motoneurones, while the terminations of the interneurones generating the group I a IPSP appear to be closer to or on the cell somata.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial synaptic distribution of recurrent and group Ia inhibitory systems in cat spinal motoneurones

Burke¹,

Fedina²,

Lundberg³

1971

The Journal of Physiology

109

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“…30C and 5C;and Burke, 1968). The motoneurone input resistance was measured by the spike-height method of Frank & Fuortes (1956: see Burke, 1967 a, for present method). The presence of spontaneous firing in a few units interfered with these measurements and in such cases firing was silenced by tetanic stimulation of the DP nerve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these quite definite correlations, however, there have been no combinations of factors found which provide an unambiguous dividing line between tonic and phasic motor units. This includes the factor of muscle unit twitch properties, which may be a somewhat less clear criterion for division of gastrocnemius motor units into two groups than had been originally proposed (Burke, 1967 a; but see Note added in proof).…”

Section: R E Burke 644mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firing patterns of gastrocnemius motor units in the decerebrate cat

Burke¹

1968

The Journal of Physiology

155

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SUMMARY1. The patterns of medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor unit firing in response to MG muscle stretch have been studied in decerebrate cats, using intracellular recording techniques. In most of the units, the motoneurone axonal conduction velocity and cell input resistance were measured, and the maximum amplitude and wave form of the group Ia composite EPSP evoked by MG nerve stimulation were determined. The mechanical properties of the muscle unit portion of each motor unit were also studied.2. Motor unit firing patterns were classified into two groups, 'tonic' and 'phasic'. With few exceptions, tonic motor units showed sustained firing throughout MG stretches of varying duration, while most phasic units did not fire at all to the same stimulus. Tetanization of the afferents did not convert any of the previously phasic units to tonic firing.3. MG motor units in this study were divided into three groups on the basis of the muscle unit twitch properties. Units with short twitch time to peak values (< 35 msec) were subdivided into two groups according to twitch tension output: (a) type F, with twitch tension > 1*5 g, and (b) type F*, with twitch tension < 1U5 g. Units with slow twitch time to peak (> 35 msec) were classified as type S.4. The presence or absence of tonic firing during sustained MG stretch was found to be significantly related to the following factors: (a) the motor unit twitch type, in that tonic firing was observed in 100 % of type S, 70 % of type F*, and only 10 % of type F units; (b) the apparent motoneurone size, in that tonic units tended to have higher cell input resistance values and slower axonal conduction velocities than phasic units; and (c) the density and spatial organization of the group Ia synaptic input, in that the MG monosynaptic EPSPs found in tonic motor units tended to be both larger in amplitude and longer in duration than those found in phasic units.5. The intrinsic properties of MG motor units, the characteristics of the group I a synaptic input to the motoneurones and the unit firing patterns elicited by MG muscle stretch appear to be mutually interrelated, forming a pattern of motor units within the MG pool which is analogous to the pattern thought to characterize the motor units belonging to 'slow' and 'fast' muscles. In most respects this pattern of MG motor units appears to be a continuum without clearly separable subgroups.

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“…Rall's first full theoretical analysis was published subsequently (Rall, 1959(Rall, , 1960. He studied cable properties much further, however, and was subsequently involved in two of a landmark series of five papers on synaptic potentials in motoneurons, which were published consecutively (see in their order: Smith et al, 1967;Nelson and Frank, 1967;Burke, 1967;Rall, 1967;Rall et al, 1967). The effects of dendritic cable properties on synaptic potentials were described in these publications.…”

Section: The Role Of Motoneuron Dendrites In Repetitive Firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beginning at the end: Repetitive firing properties in the final common pathway

Brownstone

2006

Progress in Neurobiology

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Since the early 20th century, it has been recognized that motoneurons must fire repetitive trains of action potentials to produce muscle contraction. In 1932, Sir John Eccles, together with Hebbel Hoff, found that action potential spike trains in motor axons were produced by "rhythmic centres", which were within the motoneurons themselves. Two decades later, Eccles attended a Cold Spring Harbor Symposium in NY, USA entitled "The Neuron". Two of the many notable presentations at this symposium were juxtaposed: one by Eccles from the University of Otago, Dunedin, NZL, and the other by J. Walter Woodbury and Harry Patton from the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Both presentations included data obtained using sharp microelectrodes to study the intracellularly recorded potentials of cat motoneurons. In this review, I discuss some of the events leading up to and surrounding this jointly accomplished advance and proceed to discussion of subsequent studies over 5+ decades that have made use of intracellular recordings from motoneurons to study their repetitive firing behavior. This begins with early descriptions of primary and secondary range firing, and continues to the discovery of dendritic persistent inward currents and their relation to plateau potentials, synaptic amplification, and motoneuronal firing. Following a brief description of the possible mechanisms underlying spike frequency adaptation, I discuss the modulation of repetitive firing properties during various motor behaviors. It has become increasingly clear that the central nervous system has exquisite control of the repetitive firing of motoneurons. Eccles' work laid the foundation for the present-day study of these processes.

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Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Cited by 195 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial synaptic distribution of recurrent and group Ia inhibitory systems in cat spinal motoneurones

Spatial synaptic distribution of recurrent and group Ia inhibitory systems in cat spinal motoneurones

Firing patterns of gastrocnemius motor units in the decerebrate cat

Beginning at the end: Repetitive firing properties in the final common pathway

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