Composite modeling of leaf shape along shoots discriminates <i>Vitis</i> species better than individual leaves

Bryson, Abigail E.; Brown, Maya Wilson; Mullins, Joey; Dong, Wei; Bahmani, Keivan; Bornowski, Nolan; Chiu, Christina; Engelgau, Philip; Gettings, Bethany; Gómez-Cano, Fabio; Gregory, Luke M.; Haber, Anna; Hoh, Donghee; Jennings, Emily E.; Ji, Zhongjie; Kaur, Prabhjot; Raju, Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane; Long, Y. F.; Lotreck, Serena G.; Mathieu, Davis T.; Ranaweera, Thilanka; Ritter, Eleanore J.; Sadohara, Rie; Shrote, Robert Z.; Smith, Kaila E.; Teresi, Scott J.; Venegas, Julian; Wang, Hao; Wilson, McKena Lipham; Tarrant, Alyssa R.; Frank, Margaret H.; Migicovsky, Zoë; Kumar, Jyothi; VanBuren, Robert; Londo, Jason P.; Chitwood, Daniel H.

doi:10.1002/aps3.11404

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…From previous work we know that allometric changes during grapevine leaf expansion dominate the morphospace (Chitwood et al, 2016a; Chitwood et al, 2016b; Bryson et al, 2020). We therefore performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on Procrustes-adjusted landmark coordinates and modeled this space as a function of ln( vein to blade ratio ) ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in Bryson et al, 2020 (and copied verbatim here for convenience), a total of 8465 leaves were collected from 209 vines at the USDA germplasm repository vineyard in Geneva, New York, USA. Samples were taken from the same vines during the second week of June, annually, in 2013 and 2015–2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two landmarks are placed at the base of each vein to measure the width. The exact placement and correspondence of landmark number to leaf features can be found in Bryson et al, 2020. Landmarks were superimposed through scaling, translation, rotation, and reflection using Generalized Procrustes Analysis with the shapes (Dryden and Mardia, 2016) package in R. It is the Procrustes-adjusted landmark coordinates from Bryson et al, 2020 that are used as the starting point for the analysis presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The code to reproduce this analysis can be found at the Github repository DanChitwood/leaves_that_are_or_were_not: https://github.com/DanChitwood/leaves_that_are_or_were_not. The Procrustes landmark data was originally used in Bryson et al, 2020 and is posted at the Github repository DanChitwood/grapevine_shoots: https://github.com/DanChitwood/grapevine_shoots. The original leaf scans used to produce the landmarks are archived on Dryad (Chitwood et al, 2020).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A predicted developmental and evolutionary morphospace for grapevine leaves

Chitwood

Mullins

2022

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The shapes of leaves have been extensively measured and modeled. Using conventional statistical approaches there exist powerful methods to discern between groups and classify shapes. Embedded in calculated morphospaces is information that allows us to visualize theoretical leaves. These unmeasured leaves, that may or may not exist, are never considered in their relation to empirically observable leaves nor how the negative morphospace can inform us about the forces responsible for shaping leaf morphology. Using landmark data for 8465 grapevine leaves, we model leaf shape using an allometric indicator of leaf size, the ratio of vein to blade areas. The borders of the observable morphospace are restricted by the constraint of the subregions of the leaf reducing to nothing. Assuming that self-intersecting polygonal regions in leaves are a developmental constraint, we define a region of morphospace that represents leaf shapes that are possible but not observed. We end with a discussion of how we choose not to observe what seemingly does not exist and the ramifications of this perspective to survivorship bias in the sciences in general.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A predicted developmental and evolutionary morphospace for grapevine leaves

Chitwood

Mullins

2022

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“…Leaves were analyzed using 21 landmarks as previously described by (Chitwood, Rundell, et al, 2016;Bryson et al, 2020;Chitwood et al, 2021). These landmarks were placed by manually using ImageJ on one side of the leaf (Abràmoff et al, 2004).…”

Section: Landmarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine

Migicovsky

Swift

Helget

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Premise: There is considerable variation in leaf lobing and leaf size, including among grapevines, some of the most well-studied leaves. We examined the relationship between leaf lobing and leaf size across grapevine populations which varied in extent of leaf lobing. Methods: We used homologous landmarking techniques to measure 2,632 leaves across two years in 476 unique, genetically distinct grapevines from 5 biparental crosses which vary primarily in the extent of lobing. We determined to what extent leaf area could explain variation in lobing, vein length, and vein to blade ratio. Results: Although lobing was the primary source of variation in shape across the leaves we measured, leaf area varied only slightly as a function of lobing. Rather, leaf area increases as a function of total major vein length, total branching vein length, and decreases as a function of vein to blade ratio. These relationships are stronger for more highly lobed leaves, with the residuals for each model differing as a function of distal lobing. Conclusions: For a given leaf area, more highly lobed leaves have longer veins and higher vein to blade ratios, allowing them to maintain similar leaf areas despite increased lobing. These findings show how more highly lobed leaves may compensate for what would otherwise result in a reduced leaf area, allowing for increased photosynthetic capacity through similar leaf size.

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Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine

Migicovsky

Swift

Helget

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Leaf lobing and leaf size vary considerably across and within species, including among grapevines (Vitis spp.), some of the best‐studied leaves. We examined the relationship between leaf lobing and leaf area across grapevine populations that varied in extent of leaf lobing. Methods We used homologous landmarking techniques to measure 2632 leaves across 2 years in 476 unique, genetically distinct grapevines from five biparental crosses that vary primarily in the extent of lobing. We determined to what extent leaf area explained variation in lobing, vein length, and vein to blade ratio. Results Although lobing was the primary source of variation in shape across the leaves we measured, leaf area varied only slightly as a function of lobing. Rather, leaf area increases as a function of total major vein length, total branching vein length, and vein to blade ratio. These relationships are stronger for more highly lobed leaves, with the residuals for each model differing as a function of distal lobing. Conclusions For leaves with different extents of lobing but the same area, the more highly lobed leaves have longer veins and higher vein to blade ratios, allowing them to maintain similar leaf areas despite increased lobing. These findings show how more highly lobed leaves may compensate for what would otherwise result in a reduced leaf area, allowing for increased photosynthetic capacity through similar leaf size.

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Composite modeling of leaf shape along shoots discriminates Vitis species better than individual leaves

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

A predicted developmental and evolutionary morphospace for grapevine leaves

A predicted developmental and evolutionary morphospace for grapevine leaves

Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine

Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine

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