Composite Indicator of Social Inclusion for European Countries

Abstract

Social inclusion is one of the key challenges of the European Union (EU)\ud Sustainable Development Strategy. We use four indicators from EU policies to measure\ud social inclusion for the 27 member countries of Europe. In particular, we aggregate the four\ud indicators in a multiplicative composite indicator via a DEA-BoD approach with weights\ud determined endogenously with proportion constraints. We obtain a score of social inclu-\ud sion that allows us to grade the 27 EU countries from 2006 to 2010. In this way, we\ud highlight the specific role played by the four indicators in determining improvements and\ud deteriorations of social inclusion during the European phase of the financial and economic\ud crisis

Social Inclusion and Exclusion in the Life Stories of Deported Asylum Seekers from Finland to Iraqi Kurdistan

“…Originally, a substitute for poverty, social exclusion is still strongly associated with economic and material aspects. Many studies focusing on social exclusion posit that work-related status and economic status are its main criteria (Giambona & Vassallo 2014;Lister 2000;Rose, Daiches & Potier 2012), thus claiming that the poor and unemployed are synonymous with the excluded. This overly simplistic view does not consider e.g.…”

“…It is then a question of participation in the basic political, economic and social activities of one's society and of understanding the mechanisms controlling participation (Bellani & D'Ambrosio 2011;Giambona & Vassallo 2014;Silva, Levin & Morgandi 2013;Wilding 2009). Following Sen's (2000: 14) idea of active and passive exclusion, Skoda and Nielsen (2013: 2) regarded exclusion as the product of "deliberate attempts by social or political elites to deprive people of opportunities, or the outcome of more subtle and mundane everyday social practices embedded in local relations of power".…”

“…These processes are relative to a given society or community and operate at different levels (individual, group, community, society). The dynamic nature of inclusion and exclusion also means that they are subject to change over time (Atkinson et al 2002;Chan et al 2014;European Commission 2004;Giambona & Vassallo 2014). On this basis, our research question is: how do deported asylum seekers construct narratives of inclusion and exclusion in their life stories?…”

Assessing Social and Territorial Vulnerability on Real Estate Submarkets

“…In particular, in several studies the socio-demographic and territorial characteristics are deeply analysed and combined to represent and measure different aspects of the social condition, such as: social well-being and quality of life [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]; social capital [10][11][12]; human development and economic inequality [13][14][15][16][17][18]; social inclusion [19][20][21].…”

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses of PISA Efficiency: Distance Based Analysis Approach

“…Composite indicators are applied and constructed everywhere [14,15]. Saltelli et al [16] characterize the question of composite indicators as follows: "Composite indicators tend to sit between advocacy (when they are used to draw attention to an issue) and analysis (when they are used to capture complex, multidimensional phenomena)."…”