Composite Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration

Tozzi, Gianluca; Mori, Arianna De; Oliveira, Antero; Roldo, Marta

doi:10.3390/ma9040267

Cited by 118 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…68 Hydrogel stiffness can be tailored by playing on several preparation processing parameters such as polymer molecular weight, concentration, and type and degree of crosslinking; however, this will also affect other relevant properties of the system, in particular porosity, permeability, and cytocompatibility, 8 making necessary to finely tune the material design to obtain adequate combinations of mechanical, structural, and biological properties.…”

Section: Hydrogels: Suitable Micro-environments For Btementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment?

et al. 2017

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Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.

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Section: Hydrogels: Suitable Micro-environments For Btementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment?

et al. 2017

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“…Even though chitosan-based hydrogels are ideal scaffolds for tissue regeneration as they mimic the extracellular matrix, they present inadequate mechanical performance, which makes them too weak for applications in the musculoskeletal system. Multiple approaches have been taken by researchers to overcome this problem, like incorporating nanoparticles [15]. In this study, the addition of HACS significantly enhanced the compressive gel strength in comparison to the controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Hydrogels -3D, hydrophilic, crosslinked polymeric networks that resemble the extracellular matrix with a porosity and aqueous environment that allows transportation of substances such as nutrients -are very good candidates to overcome these obstacles. The main challenge within the field is to produce a bioactive and non-toxic hydrogel scaffold with sufficient mechanical strength [15,16]. Chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide that is biocompatible, biodegradable and possesses antibacterial properties has been employed to formulate such scaffolds, however, it has poor mechanical properties and has inferior bone induction capability [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Release from Injectable Composite Gels Loaded with Silver Nanowires Designed to Combat Bacterial Resistance in Bone Regeneration Applications

Mori¹,

Hafidh²,

Mele³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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One-dimensional nanostructures such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding electrical, thermal and antimicrobial properties; however, their application in the prevention of infections linked to bone tissue regeneration interventions has not yet been explored. Here we report on the development of an innovative scaffold prepared from chitosan, composite hydroxyapatite and AgNWs (CS-HACS-AgNWs) having both bioactive and antibacterial properties. In vitro results highlighted the antibacterial potential of AgNWs against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The CS-HACS-AgNWs composite scaffold demonstrated suitable Ca/P deposition, improved gel strength, reduced gelation time, and sustained Ag + release within therapeutic concentrations. Antibacterial studies showed that the composite formulation was capable of inhibiting bacterial growth in suspension and of completely preventing biofilm formation on the scaffold in the presence of resistant strains. The hydrogels were also shown to be biocompatible, allowing cell proliferation. In summary, the developed CS-HACS-AgNWs composite hydrogels demonstrated significant potential as a scaffold material to be employed in bone regenerative medicine, as they present enhanced mechanical strength combined with the ability to allow calcium salts deposition, while efficiently decreasing the risk of infections. The results presented justify further investigations into potential clinical applications of these materials.to the bulk materials due to their reduced dimensions, controlled structure and large surface-tovolume ratio [3].One, two, and three-dimensional silver nanostructures have been previously reported, with many studies focusing on silver nanowires (AgNWs). AgNWs are anisotropically grown to obtain an aspect ratio higher than 10 and are typically 10-200 nm in diameter and 5-100 µm in length [2]. To date, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been much more extensively studied than AgNWs, and their distinctive high thermal and electrical conductivity, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemical stability, catalytic activity and non-linear optical behavior have been highlighted; as well as their antibacterial activity that has extended their usage into several biomedical fields [4]. They are promising agents against a wide range of fungi, viruses and bacterial species; even though the mechanism of action is still not entirely understood, it is believed that nanosilver serves as a source for Ag + ions that can rupture microbial cell walls, denature proteins, block cell respiration and eventually induce cell death [5]. AgNPs have been used as antimicrobial agents in wound dressing [6], coating of catheters [7] and of cardiovascular implants [8], bone cements [9] and dental materials [10]. Currently literature on biomedical applications of AgNWs is still limited [2]; emerging applications include textiles [11], wound coatings [12], drug release and tissue regeneration [13].In this work, we explore for the first time the...

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“…Furthermore, in both studies, the mechanical properties of the hybrid films were significantly improved. This is of interest when considering applications such as wound dressing, where flexibility and tensile strength are crucial [78]; or in the regeneration of tissue such as cartilage and/or bone, where the mechanics of the environment plays a key role in the regeneration of the tissue [79,80]. Jiang and Teng [41] explored the use of AgNWs loaded on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films and their resultant antibacterial activity and human cell compatibility with the aim of developing effective antibacterial coatings to address the global problem of surface microbial contamination above all in secondary care settings.…”

Section: Surface Coating Of Medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanowires: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Biomedical Applications

2018

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Abstract:Silver is well known for its antibacterial properties and low toxicity, and it is currently widely used both in the form of ions and of nanoparticles in many diverse products. One-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) have the potential to further enhance the properties of nanosilver-containing products, since they appear to have higher antimicrobial efficacy and lower cytotoxicity. While they are widely used in optics and electronics, more studies are required in order to better understand their behavior in the biological environment and to be able to advance their application in uses such as wound healing, surface coating and drug delivery.

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Composite Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration

Cited by 118 publications

References 145 publications

Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment?

Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment?

Sustained Release from Injectable Composite Gels Loaded with Silver Nanowires Designed to Combat Bacterial Resistance in Bone Regeneration Applications

Silver Nanowires: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Biomedical Applications

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