Composite efficacy parameters and predictors of hypoglycaemia in basal‐plus insulin therapy—a combined analysis of 713 type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

Female gender, a long diabetes duration and higher basal insulin dose were predictors of hypoglycaemia, while protection was provided by BMI > 30. These results may help to successfully establish basal-plus insulin regimen in individual patients on their transition from basal-only to basal-bolus treatment.

High Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Stable Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs. Self-Monitored Blood Glucose. Observational Prospective Study

“…Hay (3), using CGM, found that 54% of hypoglycemic events occurred between 10 PM and 6 AM. Similar findings had been communicated earlier (16,20,21). Of nocturnal occurrences of hypoglycemia, 50% are asymptomatic and are usually underreported in clinical practice because there is reluctance to perform that measurement at night.…”

Dynamic risk factors associated with non‐severe hypoglycemia in patients treated with insulin glargine or exenatide once weekly 与每日一次使用甘精胰岛素或者每周一次使用艾塞那肽治疗的患者出现非严重低血糖相关的动态危险因素

“…A significant association of younger age and duration of diabetes with the risk of severe hypoglycemia has been reported in insulin‐treated patients . We did not observe any significant association of age with mild or moderate hypoglycemia.…”

“…Although the risks of hypoglycemia associated with different antidiabetes therapies in patients with T2DM have been studied, the factors influencing the hypoglycemia incidence are not well understood. Only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in patients with T2DM . Using pooled patient‐level data from 11 studies with insulin glargine treatment, Karl et al .…”

Addition of a single short-acting insulin bolus to basal insulin-supported oral therapy: a systematic review of data on the basal-plus regimen

“…A further consideration for all patients requiring insulin intensification is their individual risk of hypoglycemia. Two meta-analyses33 34 combining data from 4 of the 15 clinical studies included in the present systematic review (OPAL, ELENOR, POC and 1-2-3- trials)8 9 15 17 21 identified female gender, a longer diabetes duration and higher IGlar doses to be predictive of symptomatic hypoglycemia on a basal-plus regimen 33 34. Finally, we recommend that caution and close monitoring should be employed in such patients, with alternative intensification methods such as addition of lixisenatide meriting consideration.…”