Composing Energy Services in a Crowdsourced IoT Environment

Abstract

We propose a novel framework for composing crowdsourced wireless energy services to satisfy users' energy requirements in a crowdsourced Internet of Things (IoT) environment. A new energy service model is designed to transform the harvested energy from IoT devices into crowdsourced services. We propose a new energy service composability model that considers the spatio-temporal aspects and the usage patterns of the IoT devices. A multiple local knapsack-based approach is developed to select an optimal set of partial energy services based on the deliverable energy capacity of IoT devices. We propose a heuristic-based composition approach using the temporal and energy capacity distributions of services. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Towards Crowdsourcing Internet of Things (Crowd-IoT): Architectures, Security and Applications

“…Crowdsourcing energy as a service or crowdsourced energy service has the potential to create a green computing environment. The authors in Lakhdari [60] focused on designing crowdsourced energy services to meet the IoT users' energy requirements in confined areas. Figure 22 shows the crowdsourced energy services architecture.…”

Fairness-aware Crowdsourcing of IoT Energy Services

“…4 (b), S 1 P 2 provides energy to R 1 P 1 since they are within the same chunk. Each request R i may be provisioned by a composition of parts of services S i P k where a part of service delivers energy to a part of the request at each chunk [18]. After scheduling the requests, it is more challenging to provide energy to multiple requests in a fair way.…”

“…Energy services are composed according to their spatio-temporal features. We use the framework of composing crowdsourced IoT energy services proposed by Lakhdari et al [18]. The composition considers the time interval of each service to define a composite energy service that includes all the available services.…”

“…5 presents a batched set of energy services and requests from 5:00 to 6:30. A global of all available services and requests within a predefined time interval allows the IoT coordinator to aggregate the provided energy by composing all services based on their availability time intervals [18]. The coordinator aims to efficiently and fairly share the aggregated energy among all the existing requests according to their time constraints.…”

“…We leverage the service paradigm to unlock the full potential of IoT energy crowdsourcing. We define an IoT Energy Service as the abstraction of energy wireless delivery from an IoT device (i.e., provider) to another device (i.e., consumer) [18]. Crowdsourcing IoT energy services has the potential of creating a green service exchange environment by recycling the unused IoT energy or relying on renewable energy sources.…”