Abstract:Recebido em 11/12/08; aceito em 16/5/09; publicado na web em 10/11/09 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ALLELOPHATIC ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (ARALIACEAE). The volatile oil obtained from the leaves of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (Araliaceae) was analyzed by GC, Chiral-GC and GC-MS. It was identified 14 compounds and the monoterpene (+)-limonene (53.6%) and sesquiterpene γ-muurolene (10.5%) were the main components. The allelopathic effects of the oil were evaluated against two seeds, L… Show more
“…The changes in germination and the growth of plants, as well as changes of antioxidant defense activity by the influence of compounds liberated in to the environment have already been reported (Pergo and Ishii-Iwamoto, 2011;Silva et al, 2009). However, few experiments have been done at natural environments that could help to prove these effects in nature.…”
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidus interfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress.Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, signal grass, garlic stick, competition.
A presença de
“…The changes in germination and the growth of plants, as well as changes of antioxidant defense activity by the influence of compounds liberated in to the environment have already been reported (Pergo and Ishii-Iwamoto, 2011;Silva et al, 2009). However, few experiments have been done at natural environments that could help to prove these effects in nature.…”
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidus interfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress.Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, signal grass, garlic stick, competition.
A presença de
“…The essential oils are mixtures of numerous compounds, with one or two major constituents, and their biological activities can be attributed to a synergic action among the molecules 16 . The variability in the constitution of essential oils is directly related to the species, and, within the same species, several factors can affect the composition, such as chemotype, location, collection period, and vegetative cycle, among others 26 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even though they are complex mixtures of chemicals, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids predominate in their compositions, and, within this last class, the monoterpenes are the compounds found in greater proportion in essential oils, followed by sesquiterpenes. The combination of constituents of each essential oil is related to its pharmacological properties 16 . Among the plants producing essential oils, the Asteraceae family has been widely explored because it is the largest systematic group of Angiosperms, comprising about 1,100 genera and 25,000 species 17 .…”
“…Th is high concentration has been suggested as the reason of the high bioactivity of orange peel essential oil (Tsai 2008). Limonene is also present in the essential oils of non-citric species (Agostini et al 2005;Apel et al 2005;Apel et al 2006;Carvalho Filho et al 2006;Silva et al 2009), which are frequently associated with high inhibitory eff ects (Azirak & Karaman 2008;Silva et al 2009;Souza Filho et al 2009). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no allelopathic study that used isolated limonene, but it is reasonable to propose that this was the main compound responsible for the allelopathic eff ects found (because we used a purifi ed version of the orange peel essential oil, one might choose to call this a phytotoxic eff ect).…”
Allelopathic eff ects of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel essential oil RESUMO (Efeitos alelopáticos do óleo essencial da casca da laranja (Citrus sinensis L.)). Plantas daninhas são o principal problema da agricultura no mundo, causando anualmente um prejuízo de U$95 bilhões. A principal forma de combate às plantas daninhas são os herbicidas sintéticos. Entretanto, o uso continuado desses produtos encarece a produção, reduz a qualidade dos alimentos, deixa resíduos tóxicos no ambiente e ameaça a saúde humana e animal. Existe assim, uma demanda por técnicas menos agressivas de controle. O uso de compostos alelopáticos de descartes de culturas para esse fi m é uma alternativa. A laranja é uma das maiores culturas do mundo, e gera grandes quantidades de resíduos. Existem evidências da bioatividade no óleo essencial da casca da laranja. Nesse trabalho, nosso objetivo foi verifi car a existência de propriedades alelopáticas desse óleo. Para isto, extraímos o óleo por arraste de vapor de água utilizando o aparelho de Clevenger, e colocamos os produtos volatilizáveis do óleo essencial em contato com plântulas de Euphorbia heterophylla L. e Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell. O resultado foi inibição tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa das plântulas Palavras-chave: agricultura orgânica, alelopatia, controle de pragas, descartes de cultivos, Limoneno, plantas invasoras de culturas Jose Pedro Nepomuceno Ribeiro 1,2 and Maria Inês Salgueiro Lima 1 ABSTRACT (Allelopathic eff ects of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel essential oil). Crop weeds are the main problem in agriculture, causing a worldwide annual loss of about US$95 billion. Th e principal method for control is the use of synthetic herbicides. Th e continued use of these products increases crop costs, reduces crop quality, and leaves toxic residues in the environment, which are a threat to human and livestock health. Th erefore, there is a demand for environmentally friendly methods of weed control. Th e use of allelopathic compounds from crop residues is an alternative. Orange is one of the biggest crops in the world, and its cultivation generates large amounts of residues. Th ere is strong evidence of bioactivity in orange peel essential oil. Th erefore, the objective in this work was to verify the allelopathic proprieties of this oil. We extracted the oil from the peels of recently discarded oranges using water vapor fl ow with a Clevenger extractor, and tested it against the growth of Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell seedlings when placed in contact with the oil vapor. Th e results were both quantitative and qualitative in the inhibition of the seedlings.
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