Comportamiento productivo inicial del mangostán (Garcinia mangostana L.) en el Soconusco, Chiapas, México

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento productivo inicial del mangostán Garcinia mangostana L., para disponer de elementos de referencia sobre la productividad de dicho frutal en la Región del Soconusco, Chiapas.
 Diseño/metodología: La plantación de mangostán se estableció en el año 2010 en el Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas. Desde el inicio de la etapa productiva y durante cuatro ciclos de producción correspondientes a los años 2015, 2016, 2017 y 2018, se registró la fecha de inicio de floración, inicio y término de cosecha, número de frutos árbol-1, peso de los frutos árbol-1 y rendimiento de cada uno de los 196 árboles que conforman la plantación. Se realizó el análisis de varianza para la variable frutos árbol-1 mediante un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones.
 Resultados: La plantación inició su etapa productiva a los 5.5 años de edad. La cosecha inicia en mayo-junio y concluye en septiembre. El mayor volumen de producción se obtiene durante agosto. A la primera cosecha el rendimiento fue de 26.3 kg ha-1 con promedio de 11 frutos árbol-1 que se incrementa a 1.6 ton ha-1 al año 8 del establecimiento de la plantación, con un promedio de 146 frutos árbol-1. Predominaron frutos con rango de peso de 60 a 80 g.
 Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Es necesario continuar con la evaluación en años subsiguientes.
 Hallazgos/conclusiones: El mangostán representa una alternativa productiva viable para diversificar la fruticultura en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas.

Thinning intensities to increase the size and weight of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana L.)

“…In an experiment conducted in southern Thailand to evaluate the effect of cropload on physiological responses, yield and fruit quality in 14-year-old mangosteen trees, Sdoodee et al 7 report that excessive crop load caused an adverse effect on fruit size. Díaz, et al 2 in the aforementioned study on the productive behavior of the mangosteen in Soconusco Chiapas, reports that in the harvest of 2018 there was an increase of 81.7% in the number of fruits produced in relation to the immediate year before, with predominance of small fruits, weighing less than 80 g, and representing 61% of the total fruits harvested during that year. As it occurs in other fruit species, mangosteen has a severe alternate bearing.…”

“…Masri, 6 in a study carried out in Malaysia to determine the effect of soil moisture on the flowering, yield and size of the mangosteen fruit, found that more than 70% of the harvested fruits registered a weight of less than 80 g, attributable among other reasons to water stress. In a study carried by Díaz et al 2 on the productive behavior of the mangosteen in the Soconusco Region, Chiapas, México, it was found that during the first four harvests (corresponding to the period 2015 -2018), between 52 and 92% of the harvested fruits registered a weight of less than 80 g. As in other fruit trees, in the case of the mangosteen, the weight and size of the fruit are closely related to the cropload (number of fruits on the tree). The higher cropload, the smaller the fruit size and vice versa.…”

“…1 Most of this area corresponds to plantations established during the 2013-2017 period, which have just started their productive life. 2 Even though the current production volumes are small, Mexico already appears positioned in the world as a mangosteen producing country in Latin America. In this context and due to the increase in demand in international markets, this fruit tree represents a viable alternative as an export product.…”

Technical and economic validation of the fruit thinning practice in commercial mangosteen plantations in the Soconusco region, Chiapas. Mexico

“…1 It is currently cultivated on a commercial scale in India, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines and to a lesser extent in Sri Lanka, Australia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil and Colombia. 2,3 Its growing international demand is satisfied mainly by Thailand, a leading country in the production and export of mangosteen, whose production in 2017 was 530,000 MT, (75% of world production) of which it exported 205,000 MT which means an increase of 44% in exports compared to 2016. Other major mangosteen exporters include Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India6.…”