Comportamento De Genótipos De Abacaxizeiro Resistentes À Fusariose Em Comparação a Cultivares Comerciais Suscetíveis

Abstract

RESUMO -A fusariose é a doença mais severa na cultura do abacaxi no Brasil, e as cultivares mais plantadas, 'Pérola' e 'Smoth Cayenne', são suscetíveis, com perdas estimadas em 30 a 40% dos frutos. O uso de genótipos resistentes à doença abre grande perspectiva para a solução do problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em experimento de campo, o potencial produtivo, as características das plantas e a qualidade de frutos de novos híbridos de abacaxi resistentes à fusariose: EC-105, EC-93, cv. BRS Vitória e cv. BRS Imperial, comparando o desempenho destes genótipos com as cultivares 'Pérola', 'Smooth Cayenne' e 'Gold (MD-2)', suscetíveis à doença. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. A cv. BRS Imperial apresenta características importantes de qualidade de fruto, com maiores valores de SS e ratio. A cv. BRS Vitória reúne características favoráveis, como massa de frutos semelhante à da 'Pérola', reduzido diâmetro do eixo central do fruto, baixos índices de aderência de mudas "filhote" ao fruto e de tombamento de frutos, e boa produção de mudas aproveitáveis. Os demais híbridos resistentes à fusariose apresentam características negativas que limitam sua recomendação como cultivar comercial. Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus, Fusarium guttiforme, cv. Vitória, cv. Imperial, características de plantas e de frutos. BEHAVIOR OF PINEAPPLE GENOTYPES FUSARIOSE RESISTANT COMPARED TO SUSCEPTIBLE COMMERCIAL CULTIVARSABSTRACT -The fusariose is the most severe disease in pineapple in Brazil and the most planted cultivars, 'Perola' and 'Smoth Cayenne', are susceptible, with estimated losses of 30 to 40% of the fruits. The use of disease resistant genotypes opens great prospects for resolving the problem. The objective of this work was to study, in field experiment, the potential of production, the plants characteristics and the fruit quality of new pineapple hybrids fusariosis resistant EC-105, EC-93, cv. BRS Vitória and cv. BRS Imperial comparing the performance of these genotypes with the cultivars 'Pérola', 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Gold (MD-2)', susceptible to disease. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with five replicates. The cv. BRS Imperial features important fruit quality, with higher values of SS and ratio. The cv. BRS Vitoria brings together favorable characteristics as mass of fruit similar to the Pérola cultivar, reduced diameter of the central axis of the fruit, low rates of adherence of slips to fruit and fruit overturned, production of good number of profitable slips. The other hybrids resistant to fusariosis show negative characteristics that limit its recommendation to cultivate commercial.

Post-harvest quality of ‘Vitória’ pineapple as a function of the types of shoots and age of the plant for floral induction

“…Vitória of 13.6 cm and 10.8 cm, respectively (BERILLI et al, 2014). Caetano et al (2015), when cultivating genotypes resistant to Fusarium planted on May 2006 and induced at 11 months after planting, observed fruit length and fruit diameter of 14.7 cm and 10.9 cm in 'Vitória' pineapple, respectively. The values reported by the authors are close to those found in the present study.…”

“…The best result of the diameter of the central cylinder for the different types of shootss was observed in fruits originated from sucker type (0.91 cm), corresponding to the lowest value in comparison to slips (0.99 cm). Caetano et al (2015), evaluating pineapple genotypes resistant to Fusarium in comparison to susceptible commercial cultivars, found in cv. Vitória, the lowest diameter of the central cylinder, 1.0 cm, a value close to those of the present study.…”

“…The largest mean found at different ages of induction was at eight months after planting, with central cylinder of 1.24 cm of diameter. Although the variable is considered of lower value in comparison to the cultivars Pérola, Smooth Cayenne, among others (VENTURA et al, 2006;CAETANO et al, 2015), it is necessary to study the characteristics of the different management within the same cultivar, due to its importance, since fruits with smaller diameter of the central cylinder tend to show greater gains in pulp, attributing the best results to them.…”

Quality of ‘Imperial’ pineapple infructescence in function of nitrogen and potassium fertilization

“…Both cultivars are susceptible to fusariosis, caused by the fungus Fusarium subglutinans, which is a highly destructive disease that can cause estimated losses of 30 to 40% of infructescences. In this sense, new cultivars resistant to fusariosis were introduced to replace the two most widespread cultivars in the country, such as the 'Imperial' (Cabral & Matos, 2005;Ventura et al, 2009;Caetano et al, 2015).…”

“…This cultivar was obtained from the crossing of 'Perolera' with 'Smooth Cayenne', by Embrapa Mandioca and Fruticultura, resistant to fusariosis and internal darkening of the infructescence, which allows the reduction of the use of fungicide, with a reduction in the costs of production (Cabral & Matos, 2005). The plants are medium size, without spines at the edges, infructescence with high sugar content, moderate titratable acidity and moderate ascorbic acid content (Cabral & Matos, 2005;Caetano et al, 2015).…”