Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU

Hao, Fenghao; Chen, Yajun; Sun, Zhe; Qian, Lijun

doi:10.1007/s10965-022-03401-y

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In summary, flame hybrid retardant CMX could decrease the fire hazard and inhibit smoke release, enhancing the fire safety of TPU/CMX composites 50–56 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare‐earth‐based nano‐flame retardant with 2D MXene for improving fire safety and mechanical property of thermoplastic polyurethane composites

He,

Yin,

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A kind of rare earth flame retardant, two‐dimensional lamellar compounds (MXene) loading with cerium phosphate nanorod, MXene@CePO4 (CMX) was prepared by hydrothermal and electrostatic adsorption methods. It was then applied in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). With the 3 wt% addition of CMX improving the mass rate of residual char from 4.42 wt% to 11.33 wt% compared to pristine TPU, there were reductions of 53.8%, 12.3%, and 24.7% in peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and smoke density maximum (Ds max), respectively. Moreover, the TPU/CMX composites were shown to have superior mechanical properties compared with pristine TPU. For TPU/CMX‐3.0, there was a visible improvement in tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of 12.5% and 54.1% respectively, compared to pure TPU. The analysis of the flame retardancy mechanism of TPU/CMX shows that CMX plays an effective role in quenching free radicals in the gas phase and promotes char formation of TPU in the condense phase. Therefore, this paper offers a new solution for designing multifunctional rare earth flame retardants that are applied in TPU, thereby extending its application in industries and daily life.

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“…In summary, flame hybrid retardant CMX could decrease the fire hazard and inhibit smoke release, enhancing the fire safety of TPU/CMX composites 50–56 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare‐earth‐based nano‐flame retardant with 2D MXene for improving fire safety and mechanical property of thermoplastic polyurethane composites

He,

Yin,

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…In order to observe the significant effect of CoMn-LDH@MXene nanohybrids on smoke production during the combustion process of TPU, we have compared the PHRR and PSPR values of TPU/2 wt% CoMn-LDH@MXene composites with the existing literature. Hao et al [38] mixed melamine cyanuric acid (MCA) and aluminium diethylphosphonate (ADP) in a 1 : 1 ratio as a flame retardant and added it to TPU at 15 % percentage to prepare composites, which resulted in a 22 % reduction in peak heat release rate. Qian et al [39] prepared NiFeTb-LDH/MoS2 hybrid material as a flame retardant for TPU composites, which resulted in the reduction of peak exothermic rate and total exothermic rate by 50.9 % and 18.2 %, respectively.…”

Section: Combustion Properties Of Tpu Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of CoMn‐LDH@MXene Hybrid Materials as Flame Retardant to Effectively Improve the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Liu,

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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In recent years, MXene 2D materials have shown good performance in enhancing the flame retardant properties of composite materials, but it is still tricky to improve the compatibility with the polymer matrix. This work explores a simple method for the synthesis of MXene based nanohybrids (CoMn‐LDH@MXene) by hydrothermal synthesis using MXene and layered double hydroxides (CoMn‐LDH) to construct a flame retardant system with excellent performance. The results show that the MXene nanosheets are less built up and more dispersed in the TPU collective due to the inclusion of LDH, giving the TPU composites excellent flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. Compared to TPU without flame retardant, TPU composites with 2 wt% CoMn‐LDH@MXene reduced PHRR by 33.7 % and THR by 28.7 %. The TPU/2wt %CoMn‐LDH@MXene composites also showed better flame and smoke suppression performance, PSPR, TSP, PCO and PCO2 were reduced by 44.4 %, 22.7 %, 37.7 % and 27.2 % respectively, the production of Hydrocarbons and HCN were also reduced. Barrier effect of transition metal oxide catalysed carbon layer formation, combustion blocking effect of hybrid material nanosheets, cooling effect of water vapour from thermal decomposition of LDH and the gas phase dilution effect are the main reasons for the increased fire safety of TPU composites.

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“…7 that TPU had two-stage decomposition under nitrogen atmosphere. According to the literature repoeted [51][52][53], TPU decomposition occurs in two steps, the rst decomposition is the hard segment of TPU where dissociation of the urethane bond producing di-isocyanate, diol, and subsequent release of CO 2 . The second decomposition is attributed to the soft segment where polyether chain segment decomposes to hydrocarbons and ethers.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Behavior Of Tpu Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly effective flame retarded TPU introduced by a new phosphorus-containing Schiff base derivative at low addition

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Polym Res

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A highly effective novel phosphorus-containing Schiff base derivative ame retardant N,N′-bis [1-(salicylidene) methanephenylphosphonic acid]-1,2-ethylene diamine (SMAE) was successfully synthesized via the addition reaction between phenyl hypophosphite and N, N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine. It had great thermal stability (T 5% , 271℃) and char forming ability (29.6 wt % at 700 °C), which was added to TPU at different additions to improve the ame retardant performance. Results showed that only 4% SMAE increased the limiting oxygen index value of TPU from 22.3% to 32%, passing UL 94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate, average heat release rate and total heat release of TPU also decreased by 3%, 19% and 16%, respectively. The constituent and microscopic morphology of the residual char of TPU samples were observed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated SMAE produced phosphinic acid to promote the formation of a more complete and dense char layer for TPU. The pyrolysis gas phase products were recorded by thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results showed that SMAE could produced PO• terminated the chain reaction and released inert gases (carbon dioxide and ammonia) to dilute combustible gases during combustion. Therefore, SMAE endows TPU with excellent ame retardancy.

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Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

A rare‐earth‐based nano‐flame retardant with 2D MXene for improving fire safety and mechanical property of thermoplastic polyurethane composites

A rare‐earth‐based nano‐flame retardant with 2D MXene for improving fire safety and mechanical property of thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Synthesis of CoMn‐LDH@MXene Hybrid Materials as Flame Retardant to Effectively Improve the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Highly effective flame retarded TPU introduced by a new phosphorus-containing Schiff base derivative at low addition

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