Component-based development and sensitivity analyses of an air pollutant dry deposition model

Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Kroll, Charles N.; Nowak, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.007

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…If more than one monitor existed, the weather data closest to the geographic center of the area was used. Deposition velocities for all pollutants and resuspension rates for particulate matter were calculated based on methods detailed in Nowak et al (2006aNowak et al ( , 2013 and Hirabayashi et al (2011Hirabayashi et al ( , 2012. Total removal of a pollutant in a county was calculated as the annual flux value (mg m À2 yr À1 ) times total tree cover (m 2 ).…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States

Nowak

Hirabayashi

Bodine

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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671

368

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a b s t r a c tTrees remove air pollution by the interception of particulate matter on plant surfaces and the absorption of gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. However, the magnitude and value of the effects of trees and forests on air quality and human health across the United States remains unknown. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees and forests in the conterminous United States removed 17.4 million tonnes (t) of air pollution in 2010 (range: 9.0e23.2 million t), with human health effects valued at 6.8 billion U.S. dollars (range: $1.5e13.0 billion). This pollution removal equated to an average air quality improvement of less than one percent. Most of the pollution removal occurred in rural areas, while most of the health impacts and values were within urban areas. Health impacts included the avoidance of more than 850 incidences of human mortality and 670,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States

Nowak

Hirabayashi

Bodine

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

Self Cite

671

368

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“…Aside from the existence of a large array of available options, the best combination for one region is not necessarily applicable to another (Krieger et al, 2009). According to Hirabayashi et al (2011), examining the sensitivity of a numerical model to changes in its configuration options constitutes an important evaluation exercise and this sensitivity analysis will allow, on the one hand, an improvement of the knowledge of how numerical simulation models work and, on the other hand, an identification of which model parameters need to be specified more accurately (Barnsley, 2007). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis can give to the modellers vital information about the use and influence of the several model parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sensitivity study of the WRF model in wind simulation for an area of high wind energy

Carvalho

Rocha

Gómez‐Gesteira

et al. 2012

Environmental Modelling & Software

263

143

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The performance of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model in wind simulation was evaluated under different numerical a nd physical options for an area of Portugal, located in complex terrain and characterized by its significant wind energy resource. The grid nudging and integration time of the simulations were the tested numerical options. Since the goal is to simulate the near-surface wind, the physical parameterization schemes regarding the boundary layer were the ones under evaluation. Also, the influences of the local terrain complexity and simulation domain resolution on the model results were also studied. Data from three wind measuring stations located within the chosen area were compared with the model results, in terms of Root Mean Square Error, Standard Deviation Error and Bias. Wind speed histograms, occurrences and energy wind roses were also used for model evaluation. Globally, the model accurately reproduced the local wind regime, despite a significant underestimation of the wind speed. The wind direction is reasonably simulated by the model especially in wind regimes where there is a clear dominant sector, but in the presence of low wind speeds the characterization of the wind direction (observed and simulated) is very subjective and led to higher deviations between simulations and observations. Within the tested options, results show that the use of grid nudging in simulations that should not exceed an integration tim e of 2 days is the best numerical configuration, and the parameterization set composed by the physical schemes MM5eYonsei UniversityeNoah are the most suitable for this site. Results were poorer in sites with higher terrain complexity, mainly due to limita-tions of the terrain data supplied to the model. The increase of the simulation domain resolution alone is not enough to significantly improve the model performance. Results suggest that error minimization in the wind simulation can be achieved by testing and choosing a suitable numerical and physical con figuration for the region of interest together with the use of high resolution terrain data, if available.

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“…However, these local fine-scale input data are often missing from urban areas and empirical data on the actual uptake of pollutants by urban vegetation are still limited (Pataki et al 2011;Setälä et al 2013), which makes a more accurate modeling of this ecosystem service unfeasible at the moment. For a sensitivity analysis of the i-Tree Eco deposition model see Hirabayashi et al (2011). Estimation errors in climate regulation service values include the uncertainty from using biomass equations and conversion factors as well as measurement errors (Nowak et al 2008a).…”

Section: Limitations and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Ecosystem Services to Air Quality and Climate Change Mitigation Policies: The Case of Urban Forests in Barcelona, Spain

2016

Urban Forests

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Mounting research highlights the contribution of ecosystem services provided by urban forests to quality of life in cities, yet these services are rarely explicitly considered in environmental policy targets. We quantify regulating services provided by urban forests and evaluate their contribution to comply with policy targets of air quality and climate change mitigation in the municipality of Barcelona, Spain. We apply the i-Tree Eco model to quantify in biophysical and monetary terms the ecosystem services ''air purification,'' ''global climate regulation,'' and the ecosystem disservice ''air pollution'' associated with biogenic emissions. Our results show that the contribution of urban forests regulating services to abate pollution is substantial in absolute terms, yet modest when compared to overall city levels of air pollution and GHG emissions. We conclude that in order to be effective, green infrastructure-based efforts to offset urban pollution at the municipal level have to be coordinated with territorial policies at broader spatial scales.

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Component-based development and sensitivity analyses of an air pollutant dry deposition model

Cited by 64 publications

References 62 publications

Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States

Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States

A sensitivity study of the WRF model in wind simulation for an area of high wind energy

Contribution of Ecosystem Services to Air Quality and Climate Change Mitigation Policies: The Case of Urban Forests in Barcelona, Spain

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