Complications of pregnancy and delivery and psychosis in adult life.

Sw, Lewis; Stewart, A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6802.582-b

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While some investigators have reported that the risk of OCs is increased in mothers with schizophrenia [McNeil and Kaij, 1978; Wrede et al, 1980; Dalmon et al, 1999], others do not support this [Kringlen, 1967; Done et al, 1991; Onstad et al, 1992; Buka et al, 1993]. However, numerous investigators have reported that the risk of OCs is increased in the birth of schizophrenic patients with an early age at onset [Wrede et al, 1980; Strömgren, 1987; Lewis and Stewart, 1991; Geddes and Lawrie, 1995; Kirov et al, 1996; Dalmon et al, 1999], and that this tendency is pronounced in males [McNeil and Kaij, 1978; Wrede et al, 1980; Strömgren, 1987; Lewis and Stewart, 1991; Geddes and Lawrie, 1995; Kirov et al, 1996; Susser et al, 1998; Dalmon et al, 1999]. Those findings suggest that the fetal environment in mothers with schizophrenia is severer to male fetus than to female fetus, causing r N > r S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence problem in schizophrenia and mitochondrial DNA

Doi

Hoshi

2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Schizophrenia, a major psychosis with a strong genetic component, persists over generations despite a clearly reduced reproductive fitness of the patients. This ‘persistence’ problem has puzzled scientists for long years. A hypothesis of ‘balanced polymorphism’ proposed by Huxley et al. that the incidence could be sustained by a higher fertility in the siblings of the patients has not been supported by most epidemiological studies. Multiple‐genes model, which most geneticists today accept, explains that the loss of susceptibility alleles resulting from the lower fertility of the patients would have a negligible effect on the overall gene pool in the population. We carefully examined the multiple‐genes model and proved it cannot account for the persistence problem without unrealistic assumptions and hence the contribution of multiple genes in the nuclear DNA to the heredity of schizophrenia should be considerably limited. We demonstrated a pathogenic gene with a low penetrance, if located in the mitochondrial DNA, could be sustained given a higher fertility of the ‘female’ siblings and/or a decreased male–female ratio in the offspring of the susceptible females. This hypothesis, coupled with the report which suggests mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia, may encourage a new direction in genetic study of this puzzling disorder. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence problem in schizophrenia and mitochondrial DNA

Doi

Hoshi

2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…28,29 Thus, an interesting question is whether there is a sex difference in the risk of schizophrenia following obstetric complications; the results of previous studies are inconsistent in this respect. 11,[30][31][32][33] Another question that has been raised is whether obstetric complications are more common in cases with an early age of onset. 8,22,30 Central nervous system disturbances can arise through several mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Obstetric Complications and the Risk of Schizophrenia

Dalman¹,

Allebeck²,

Cullberg³

et al. 1999

Arch Gen Psychiatry

289

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“…The third explanation would also account for (1a) due to the disadvantage of fitness of the CC genotype in the early stage of life such as obstetric complications (OCs). Indeed, it has been a consistent finding that the risk of OCs is increased in the birth of schizophrenics with an early age at onset [Wrede et al, 1980; Strömgren, 1987; Lewis and Stewart, 1991; Geddes and Lawrie, 1995; Kirov et al, 1996; Dalmon et al, 1999].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effects and human gingival biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite sol–gel coatings

et al. 2005

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The sol-gel method was employed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings modified with Ag or Zn ions onto Ti-6Al-4V substrate. A bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and a human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cell line were used to investigate the antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility, respectively. HAp coatings containing 100 ppm Ag(+) ions suppressed the growth of S. mutans. An apparent inhibition zone around the HAp coating was further observed at Ag(+) concentration up to 10,000 ppm. However, for coatings containing Zn(2+) ions, a clear inhibition zone was observed at Zn(2+) concentration of 10,000 ppm. Nevertheless, the results of HGF-1 cultivation demonstrated that the Zn(2+)-modified HAp coatings exhibited better attachment and spread of HGF-1 than did the Ag(+)-modified coatings. Zn(2+) modified HAp coatings also increased the plating efficiency of HGF-1 cells. The cytotoxicity associated with the addition of Ag and the cell-conductive capacity associated with the addition of Zn are proportional to the added concentration, from 100 to 10,000 ppm. The dosages of both Ag(+) and Zn(2+) ions that should be added to HAp coatings were considered to prevent infection and improve biocompatibility. The results of this study ensure that HAp coatings modified with a moderate amount of Ag/Zn efficiently resist microorganisms and improve biocompatibility.

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Complications of pregnancy and delivery and psychosis in adult life.

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Persistence problem in schizophrenia and mitochondrial DNA

Persistence problem in schizophrenia and mitochondrial DNA

Obstetric Complications and the Risk of Schizophrenia

Antimicrobial effects and human gingival biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite sol–gel coatings

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