Complications of pediatric cardiac catheterization: A review in the current era

Abstract

Complications continue to be associated with pediatric cardiac catheterization, although overall incidence appears to be decreasing. Patient age, gender, and inpatient status continue to be risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Efforts at improving equipment for flexibility and size, and developing strategies for the use of alternative methods for catheter access should be encouraged.

Diagnostic pediatric cardiac catheterization: Experience of a tertiary care pediatric cardiac centre

“…Independent risk factors for a complication included young patient age (<6 months), male gender, inpatient status and year of catheterization. 12 No independent risk factors could be identified. Side effects like rigors and fever were observed in few cases which can occur due to reuse of disposables which is a practice followed at most of the centers as it leads to substantial cost saving which enables the delivery of sophisticated advanced treatment to many needy patients.…”

Prevention and Treatment of Thrombosis in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

“…Definitions and surveillance methods for diagnosis of the problem are highly variable. Still, it is generally accepted that venous or arterial thrombosis is one of the most frequent adverse events after cardiac catheterization in children [595][596][597] and that this risk can be reduced by procedural anticoagulation. 160,598,599…”

“…602 Still, there has not been any further decrease in the reported complication rate, 597 which likely can be explained by a simultaneous increase in the complexity of transarterial interventions and patientrelated risk factors (ie, prematurity).…”

Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention in Pediatric Cardiac Disease: A Narrative Review of Current Indications, Techniques, and Complications

“…These comprise of bleeding, retroperitoneal and local hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, pseudo-aneurysm, neuropathy, and thrombosis, caused by lower extremity ischemia (15).…”

“…Death has been reported as 0.2% (15). Self-governing risk factors include younger age of the patient, low body weight, and interventional processes.…”