Complications of Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus

Abstract

Major complications of foreign bodies in the esophagus carry significant morbidity and mortality risks. A retrospective case control study was performed to assess the factors associated with major complications. In total, 273 patients seen within a 7-year period were divided into 2 groups; 253 had no or minor complications, and 20 had major complications. Age, sex, duration of the foreign body, total white cell count (TWC), and nature and site of the foreign body were analyzed in the 2 groups. The major complication rate was 7.3%. Duration of the foreign body and TWC were the only statistically significant factors associated with major complications. Six patients required open neck exploration, 1 had an open thoracotomy, and 13 were treated by endoscopic removal. There were 2 deaths. Given the significant morbidity and mortality risks, we conclude that patients with a prolonged history of a foreign body in the esophagus and a raised TWC should be treated urgently.

Endoscopic foreign body removal in the upper gastrointestinal tract: risk factors predicting conversion to surgery

“…In patients with esophageal obstructions (unable to manage secretions), sharp-pointed objects or disk batteries in the esophagus require an emergent endoscopy. Esophageal foreign objects and food impactions should be removed within 24 h, because delay decreases the likelihood of successful removal while increasing the risk of complications, including the risk of perforation [5]. In children, as the duration in which the foreign body was present in the esophagus may be unknown, some advocate urgent removal due to the possible development of complications such as transmural erosion, fistula formation, and others.…”

Endoscopic procedures for removal of foreign bodies of the aerodigestive tract: The Bugando Medical Centre experience

“…Foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus for a long time may be associated with complications such as mucosal ulceration, esophageal obstruction, perforation, intrinsic stenosis and esophageal diverticulum [12], whereas foreign bodies retention in the airway may lead to complications such as severe respiratory distress, lung collapse and recurrent chest infection [13]. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative to prevent mortality as well as complications.…”

A Foreign Body (Toothbrush) in the Esophagus of a Patient with Hiatal Hernia

“…Objects greater than 5–6 cm cannot pass the duodenal sweep [1]. With foreign bodies impacted in the esophagus for more than 24 h, the risk of perforation increases 14.1 times [13]. The risk of complication for ingested sharp-pointed objects is up to 35% [11].…”