Complications of enteral access

Artificial Nutrition and Hydration: The Evolution of Ethics, Evidence, and Policy

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] No evidence showed extension of life or improved quality of life with ANH, but considerable evidence indicated a high risk of bothersome complications-aspiration pneumonia, need for physical restraints, nausea, increased respiratory secretions, diarrhea, edema, and need for burdensome laboratory monitoring. 36 For the populations that concern us-terminal illness, including advanced dementia-the new data hinted that the default position of providing ANH when oral intake declined should shift. The assumption that the typical patient would want ANH no longer seemed plausible if the burdens associated with therapy were significant and the benefits either minimal or absent.…”

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in intensive care unit

“…Pulmoner aspirasyon, hastaların supin pozisyonda nazogastrik tüp ile beslendiği durumlarda sık görülmektedir (10)(11)(12)(13) . Bu geri kaçış, alt özefagus sifinkterinin bozulmuş relaksasyonu, yetersiz özefagus gövde kontraksiyonu ve gastrik kardiyadan geçen tüp varlığı birlikteliği ile ortaya çıkmaktadır (10,14) .…”

Emergencies after endoscopic procedures

“…Serious AEs occur in 1.5 to 9.4% of PEG procedures and include bleeding, injury of internal organs, perforation, 'buried bumper syndrome', wound infection, and necrotizing fasciitis [58]. Peristomal wound infections occur in 7-47% of patients receiving placebo in clinical trials, a single dose of cephalosporin or penicillin-based prophylaxis resulted in a significant reduction [59].…”