“…At one year, 39% of these patients reported persistent ipsilateral arm pain. Other studies have compared the prevalence of pain within the larger context of “arm and shoulder morbidities” in patients who had breast conserving surgery versus mastectomy (Carpenter, et al, 1999; Nesvold, Dahl, Lokkevik, Marit Mengshoel, & Fossa, 2008; Vilholm, Cold, Rasmussen, & Sindrup, 2008); sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB) versus an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (Andersen, et al, 2013; Brar, Jain, & Singh, 2011; Haid, et al, 2002; Langer, et al, 2007; Ronka, von Smitten, Tasmuth, & Leidenius, 2005; Vilholm, et al, 2008); and following receipt of radiation therapy (RT) (Deutsch & Flickinger, 2001; Hopwood, et al, 2010; Vilholm, et al, 2008). As noted by Andersen and Kehlet (2011), while the majority of studies reported no differences in arm pain between breast conserving surgery and mastectomy, these findings need to be interpreted with caution because the nociceptive effect of RT was not evaluated.…”