Interventional radiologist Josef Rösch is recognized as the creator of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. In 1969, while performing transjugular cholangiography, he inadvertently initiated the approach. 1 Transjugular cholangiography is a procedure in which a catheter is introduced into the jugular vein and advanced through the superior vena cava, to the right atrium, and directed into the hepatic vein. Using the catheter, a needle is then introduced through the hepatic vein, into the liver, and passed into the bile ducts. The goal is to administer contrast into the biliary system to evaluate patency. This method was believed to be safer for the patient than puncturing the liver capsule because patients often experienced bleeding, ascites, and obstructive jaundice with the percutaneous liver technique. According to Rösch, 1 the procedure often experienced technical difficulties, and the needle would mistakenly puncture into the portal vein. The idea of shunting the portal system was developed and is currently used to treat portal hypertension, ascites, and variceal hemorrhage. 2 Anatomy and Physiology Normal liver vascularity includes the portal vein transporting blood into the liver from the bowel along with inflow from the hepatic artery. The hepatic veins drain the liver and transport blood into the inferior vena cava. The portal vein is responsible for supplying about two-thirds of the blood flow volume into the liver. 3 In the diseased liver, blood flow into the liver is often compromised due to fibrotic changes within the liver's parenchyma. The resistance to the movement of blood into the liver increases, which then increases the portal flow resistance. Over a period of time, the portal circulation is altered, and portal hypertension occurs. The resulting effects are debilitating and progressive. Portal hypertension creates a process where blood is shunted away from the liver. This blood is forced into small, thin vessels connected to veins in the esophagus, stomach, and rectal areas. 4 These thin, dilated vessels are called varices, and they often weaken and hemorrhage. Up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis will eventually form esophageal varices. 5 746338J DMXXX10.