Complications and Histopathological Findings of Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy in Diagnosis of Cutaneous Calciphylaxis

Abstract

Defined as development of listed complication at biopsy site within approximately 30 days of biopsy. †Defined as the presence of risk factor or comorbidity associated with calciphylaxis at the time of hospitalization, including female gender, age older than 60 years, BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 , hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, history of diabetes mellitus, malignancy, primary hyperparathyroidism, liver disease, connective tissue disease, use of vitamin K antagonist, or use of systemic glucocorticoid.‡Positive studies are listed here along with abnormality. Studies included in standard hypercoagulable workup include cryoglobulins, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine, anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, prothrombin gene mutation, and SPEP. If patient had a history of multiple SPEPs, results for the most recent study are shown. None indicates that hypercoagulable studies were within reference ranges. BMI, body mass index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; SPEP, serum protein electrophoresis; NA, not applicable.

Early diagnosis strategy of calciphylaxis in dialysis patients

“…Histopathological examination of skin biopsy specimens remains the gold standard for confirming calciphylaxis, particularly in atypical skin lesions [ 20 ]. Typical histopathological features include calcification of the medial membrane of subcutaneous arterioles, intimal fibrosis, and microthrombosis [ 46 ]. The diameter of the involved microvessels was approximately 40–600 μm [ 1 ].…”