Complicated Role of Exercise in Modulating Memory: A Discussion of the Mechanisms Involved

Ebrahimnejad, Mahshid; Azizi, Paniz; Alipour, Vahide; Zarrindast, Mohammad‐Reza; Vaseghi, Salar

doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03552-w

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…This has been shown in hypoxic transgenic mice exposed to a motor learning challenge: The complex running wheel (Wakhloo et al., 2020) linked to a high intensity physical activity. Other studies relate physical exercise to an increase in brain plasticity in regions such as the hippocampus of animals and humans (Ebrahimnejad et al., 2022; Lehmann et al., 2022; Liang et al., 2022). In our study, physical activity was spontaneous and low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation

Almaguer‐Melian,

Mercerón‐Martinez,

Alberti‐Amador

et al. 2023

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Memory and learning allow animals to appropriate certain properties of nature with which they can navigate in it successfully. Memory is acquired slowly and consists of two major phases, a fragile early phase (short‐term memory, <4 h) and a more robust and long‐lasting late one (long‐term memory, >4 h). Erythropoietin (EPO) prolongs memory from 24 to 72 h when animals are trained for 5 min in a place recognition task but not when training lasted 3 min (short‐term memory). It is not known whether it promotes the formation of remote memory (≥21 days). We address whether the systemic administration of EPO can convert a short‐term memory into a long‐term remote memory, and the neural plasticity mechanisms involved. We evaluated the effect of training duration (3 or 5 min) on the expression of endogenous EPO and its receptor to shed light on the role of EPO in coordinating mechanisms of neural plasticity using a single‐trial spatial learning test. We administered EPO 10 min post‐training and evaluated memory after 24 h, 96 h, 15 days, or 21 days. We also determined the effect of EPO administered 10 min after training on the expression of arc and bdnf during retrieval at 24 h and 21 days. Data show that learning induces EPO/EPOr expression increase linked to memory extent, exogenous EPO prolongs memory up to 21 days; and prefrontal cortex bdnf expression at 24 h and in the hippocampus at 21 days, whereas arc expression increases at 21 days in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation

Almaguer‐Melian,

Mercerón‐Martinez,

Alberti‐Amador

et al. 2023

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“…Complex biochemical cascades are responsible for building new vascular and neural structures in the brain. A detailed discussion of these waterfalls is beyond the scope of this study [ 35 ]. However, one of the major well-established growth factors is BDNF, which can be discussed in this brief study [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic Training on Brain Plasticity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to systematically review to find if aerobic exercise compared to no exercise or any other intervention affects brain plasticity among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Searches were conducted in the Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The included studies were randomized control trials (RCTs) written in English comprising individuals with MCI that evaluated the effects of aerobic training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), brain structures, or brain activity. The quality of trials was evaluated using the PEDro scale for RCTs. Twelve studies with medium to high quality were included, of which five studies focused on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (four articles reported elevation and one article reported no changes in BDNF levels following the aerobic exercise), two studies focused on brain structures (both reported increases in hippocampus volume following the aerobic exercise), and five studies focused on brain activity (four articles reported positive changes, and one article reported no changes in brain activity following the aerobic exercise). Research regarding the effects of aerobic training on brain plasticity in people with MCI is in its infancy. Still, aerobic exercise seems to be a promising therapy in people with MCI.

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“…The score of PAT and FCS were also improved, although they were not correlated with RCF. This indicates that HSCT may improve cognitive function not only through increased RCF, but also other mechanisms such as increased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is believed to modulate normal human hippocampal aging (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Retinal Capillary Function After High-Speed Circuit Resistance Training in Healthy Older Adults

Jiang¹,

Signorile²,

Simms³

et al. 2022

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background: To determine the retinal capillary function (RCF, the efficiency of blood flow transferring in the capillary network) and its relation to cognitive function in healthy older people without known cognitive impairment following an 8-week high-speed circuit resistance training program (HSCT). Methods: Eleven subjects in the HSCT group and 7 agematched nontraining controls (CON) were recruited. The HSCT group trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks, whereas CON performed no formal training. One eye of each subject from both groups was imaged at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Retinal blood flow (RBF) was measured using a retinal function imager, and retinal capillary density (RCD, expressed as fractal dimension Dbox) was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. RCF was defined as the ratio of RBF to RCD. Cognitive function was assessed during both visits using the NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery. Results: RCF was 2.

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Complicated Role of Exercise in Modulating Memory: A Discussion of the Mechanisms Involved

Cited by 12 publications

References 155 publications

Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation

Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation

Effects of Aerobic Training on Brain Plasticity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Improvement of Retinal Capillary Function After High-Speed Circuit Resistance Training in Healthy Older Adults

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