Complexity of Work and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Puerto Rican Older Adults

Andel, Ross; Dávila-Román, Ana L.; Grotz, Catherine; Small, Brent J.; Markides, Kyriakos S.; Crowe, Michael

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbx127

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It appears that, in this specific cohort of Puerto Ricans born before 1943, education may be a more relevant factor for the rate of cognitive aging than the characteristics of work such as job strain. These results go along with the findings for work complexity and cognition in the PREHCO sample reported previously (Andel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Based on the job demand–control model and previous findings that low job control is associated with poorer cognitive functioning (Andel et al, 2011, 2015), we expected that low job control and high job strain (i.e., high ratio of job demands to job control) would relate to greater late-life cognitive decline in Puerto Rican older adults. Inline with previous work examining job strain and education as predictors of long-term health outcomes (Nilsen et al, 2014), as well as our study on work complexity and cognitive impairment in this sample (Andel et al, 2019), we also expected that education would have a major role in the association between job strain indicators and cognitive change.…”

Section: The Current Studysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This coding scheme is also used in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and easily aligns with other commonly used coding schemes. To assure sufficient exposure to work environment, only those who were employed for at least 10 years were used, as done previously (Andel et al, 2015, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

et al. 2020

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Objectives: We examined associations between job strain and cognitive aging in a sample of older Puerto Ricans. Methods: Members of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions study, aged 60–100 years at baseline, participated. Job strain indicators were quantified from O*NET ( n = 1632) and a matrix of Job Content Questionnaire scores (JCQ; n = 1467). Global cognition was assessed twice across 4 years. Results: Controlling for age, sex, depressive symptoms, financial problems, hypertension, diabetes, childhood economic hardship, low job control and high job strain were consistently associated with greater cognitive decline. Adding education attenuated these associations. High education strengthened the JCQ job control-cognitive change link. Discussion: Low job control and high job strain may accelerate cognitive aging in this population. However, it may be more difficult to disentangle the intersecting roles of education and job strain in cognitive aging among older Puerto Ricans relative to older adults from contiguous United States or Europe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: The Current Studysupporting

confidence: 62%

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Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

et al. 2020

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“…This line of research has been followed up recently in other cross-national research (e.g. by Gow and colleagues (2014) and by Andel et al (2019)), who found, in keeping with the Kohn studies, that workers involved in intellectually challenging occupations (as assessed by the workers themselves) scored higher in cognitive ability. Cross-national data from the EWCS have also documented a range of negative psychological and physical health outcomes that are associated with employment in jobs perceived to afford lower control or discretion in job performance and/or high job demands (Hakanen et al, 2019;Lorente et al, 2018;Nappo, 2019;Toch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

On the Biopsychosocial Costs of Alienated Labor

Seeman¹,

Merkin²,

Karlamangla³

et al. 2020

Work, Employment and Society

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Data from the national, longitudinal Mid-Life in the US (MIDUS) study were used to examine work alienation and its relationship to biological health as well as psychological and social functioning. The alienation measure focuses on the autonomy and creativity the work provides. We hypothesized that alienated work would have negative associations with each of the three domains: in biology, higher ‘allostatic load’ (biological dysregulation); in psychology, poorer cognitive performance; and socially, negative impacts on family life. The outcomes are generally as predicted, though there are notable differences for men and women.

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“…Early evidence suggested that occupation, together with education, plays a crucial role against the development of dementia 13 . This has been replicated in subsequent studies with large groups 12,14 . One critical aspect that has been poorly investigated in previous studies is when and how the different CR proxies have an effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Protective factors for cognitive decline: Trajectories and changes in a longitudinal study with Italian elderly

Mondini¹,

Pucci²,

Montemurro³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This retrospective study quantifies the relative contribution of age and sex as demographic factors, comorbidity, education and occupation as cognitive reserve (CR) proxies in accounting for cognitive aging. Participants underwent three neuropsychological evaluations, with their cognitive profiles being classified as unimpaired, mildly or severely impaired. For all 3,081 participants, in addition to age, education was the best predictor of performance followed by occupation. From the original sample, 543 participants were reassessed a second time, and 125 a third time. Depending on whether they maintained or worsened their profile based on their initial performance, participants were classified as resistant or declining. Results showed that, across assessments, the resistant had higher levels of education and occupation than the declining. Education and occupation modulated cognitive performance also in the more severely impaired group. This study confirms that the trajectories of changes of performance in ageing are consistently predicted by high levels of CR.

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Complexity of Work and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Puerto Rican Older Adults

Abstract: Complexity of work may reduce risk of cognitive impairment in Puerto Rican older adults, especially when combined with favorable childhood economic conditions and higher educational attainment.

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

On the Biopsychosocial Costs of Alienated Labor

Protective factors for cognitive decline: Trajectories and changes in a longitudinal study with Italian elderly

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