Complexity of Life Style and Maintenance of Intellectual Abilities

Gribbin, Kathy; Schaie, K. Warner; Parham, Iris A.

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1980.tb02021.x

Cited by 109 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These group-equivalent longitudinal decline patterns replicate cross-sectional findings at T 1 (Lindenberger & Baltes, 1997) and are consistent with earlier longitudinal findings (e.g., Carmelli, Swan, LaRue, & Eslinger, 1997;Gribbin, Schaie, & Parham, 1989;Hultsch et al, 1998;Schaie, 1996;Siegler, 1983; but see Albert et al, 1995;Deary et al, 1998;Kohn & Schooler, 1978, 1983.…”

Section: Covariates Of Intellectual Functioning In Very Old Agesupporting

confidence: 79%

The fate of cognition in very old age: Six-year longitudinal findings in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE).

Singer

Verhaeghen

Ghisletta

et al. 2003

Psychology and Aging

250

189

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The authors report full-information longitudinal age gradients in 4 intellectual abilities on the basis of 6-year longitudinal changes in 132 individuals (mean age at T 1 ϭ 78.27, age range ϭ 70 -100) from the Berlin Aging Study. Relative to the cross-sectional parent sample (N ϭ 516, mean age at T 1 ϭ 84.92 years), this sample was positively selected because of differential mortality and experimental attrition. Perceptual speed, memory, and fluency declined with age. In contrast, knowledge remained stable up to age 90, with evidence for decline thereafter. Age gradients were more negative in old old (n ϭ 66, mean age at T 1 ϭ 83.04) than in old (n ϭ 66, mean age at T 1 ϭ 73.77) participants. Rates of decline did not differ reliably between men and women or between participants with high versus low life-history status. They conclude that intellectual development after age 70 varies by distance to death, age, and intellectual ability domain.On the basis of 6-year longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), the present article investigates the fate of intellectual abilities in old and very old age. Specifically, its goal is to examine six themes in cognitive aging research: (a) the magnitude of mortality-associated and experimental selectivity effects and their relation to age, (b) the degree of convergence between crosssectional and longitudinal age gradients, (c) the ability-specific differences in the magnitude of age-based changes in the longitudinal sample, (d) the acceleration of decline in old-old age, (e) the relation of gender and life-history variables to level and longitudinal change in intellectual functioning, and (f) the differential association of the fluid mechanics and crystallized pragmatics of intelligence with measures of cultural versus biological indicators. In addition to the description of age changes in intellectual functioning in very old age, we also illustrate methodological issues associated with both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies involving old and very old individuals.The present study is closely related to other in-depth longitudinal investigations of intelligence in old and very old age, such as the Australian Longitudinal Study (Anstey, Luszcz, Giles, & Andrews, 2001;Anstey, Luszcz, & Sanchez, 2001), the Seattle Longitudinal Study (Schaie, 1996), the Victoria Longitudinal Study (Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, & Small, 1998), and the Kungsholmen project on a population 75 years and over (Hill, Wahlin, Winblad, & Bäckman, 1995; for other longitudinal studies with the focus on old age, see also Colsher & Wallace, 1991;Giambra, Arenberg, Zonderman, Kawas, & Costa, 1995;Schaie & Hofer, 2001;Sliwinski & Buschke, 1999;Zelinski & Burnight, 1997). At the same time, it differs from most of these earlier investigations by a combination of three features: (a) the effect-sized-based quantification of selection effects, (b) the decomposition of these effects into mortality-associated and study components (experimental attrition), and (c) the statistical comparisons of cross-secti...

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Section: Covariates Of Intellectual Functioning In Very Old Agesupporting

confidence: 79%

The fate of cognition in very old age: Six-year longitudinal findings in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE).

Singer

Verhaeghen

Ghisletta

et al. 2003

Psychology and Aging

250

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, there may be certain changes in coping style and motivational structure in response to either biological aging, changes in health or more generalized social-psychological circumstances (Neugarten et al, 1964;Shanan & Jacobowitz, in press). Despite a stereotypic tendency among laymen and even some educators to view older people in simple, stilted terms, research has consistently demonstrated the heterogeneity of this group in terms of social background (Guillemard, 1981;Sagiv & Shanan, 1981), cognitive traits (Schaie, 1979;Willis & Baltes, 1980), personality characteristics (Shanan & Jacobowitz, in press;Thomae, 1980), and in general patterns and styles of development and aging (Gribbin, Schaie, & Parham, 1980;Mass & Kuypers, 1974;Thomae, 1976). There is also accumulating evidence that the extent and nature of this diversity changes in response to changing social circumstances.…”

Section: The Princess and The Frog: Psychology Challenges A Stereotypementioning

confidence: 97%

Higher Education for the Second Half of Life: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Jacobowitz

Shanan

1982

Educational Gerontology

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“…Demographic Measures-Individual characteristics of age, education, gender, marital status, and ethnicity were obtained with the demographic portion of the Life Complexity Inventory (Gribbin, Schaie, & Parham, 1980).…”

Section: Predictor Domains and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congruence of Medication Information from a Brown Bag Data Collection and Pharmacy Records: Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study

Caskie

Willis

Schaie

et al. 2005

Experimental Aging Research

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The validity of health information obtained through participants' reports of current medications (e.g., the brown bag method) is an important, but under-studied, area. In the current study, we examined the congruence of medication reports from a brown bag data collection with the pharmacy prescription records for 1430 participants (ages 23 to 97 years) of the seventh wave of the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Overall, the congruence of the brown bag data and pharmacy records was high. Congruence was better for younger participants, healthier participants, and for medications taken for serious conditions or on a regular basis. When the focus is on assessing participants' medications at a specific point in time (e.g., on the day of testing), brown bag data may provide more complete information than pharmacy records. Age and health status of the participants as well as the type of medications of interest should be considered when determining the validity of medication information reported by participants.To obtain information about the health status and medical conditions of their study participants, researchers often collect participants' reports of current medications. The self-report method for medications is commonly referred to as the "brown bag" method, because participants are typically given a brown paper bag as the means for them to bring their current medications back to the testing site for testers to record the prescription and nonprescription items (e.g., Bosworth & Schaie, 1997;Jobe et al., 2001). However, self-reports of current medications have also been collected over the telephone (Landry et al.,

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Complexity of Life Style and Maintenance of Intellectual Abilities

Cited by 109 publications

References 19 publications

The fate of cognition in very old age: Six-year longitudinal findings in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE).

The fate of cognition in very old age: Six-year longitudinal findings in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE).

Higher Education for the Second Half of Life: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Congruence of Medication Information from a Brown Bag Data Collection and Pharmacy Records: Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study

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