Complexity of diatom response to Lateglacial and Holocene climate and environmental change in ancient, deep and oligotrophic Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania)

Zhang, Xiaosen; Reed, Jane M.; Lacey, Jack H.; Leng, Melanie J.; Levkov, Zlatko; Wagner, Bernd

doi:10.5194/bg-13-1351-2016

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, they are remarkably well-preserved in the sediment records of lakes Ohrid and Prespa (e.g., Reed et al, 2010;Cvetkoska et al, 2012Cvetkoska et al, , 2014Cvetkoska et al, , 2015aZhang et al, 2016). These aspects make diatoms excellent proxies for studying how the lakes responded to environmental disturbances.…”

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Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ancient lakes, such as lakes Ohrid and Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, have become model systems for studying the link between geological and biotic evolution. Recently, the scientific deep-drilling project Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOP-SCO) was initiated to better understand the environmental, climatic, and limnological evolution of the lake. It revealed that Lake Ohrid experienced a number of environmental disturbances during its ca. 2.0 million year long history. These are comprised of disturbances that lasted over longer periods of time ("press events") such as glacial-interglacial cycles and Heinrich events, as well as sudden and short disturbances ("pulse events") like the deposition of landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic ash depositions. The latter includes one of the most severe volcanic episodes during the Late Pleistocene: the eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (known as Y-5 marine tephra layer) from the Campi Flegrei caldera, dated to 39.6 ± 0.1 thousand years ago. The event is recorded by the deposition of a ca. 15 cm thick tephra layer in sediment cores of lakes Ohrid (DEEP-5045-1) and Prespa (Co1204). Coincidently, this pulse event is superimposed by the Heinrich H4 event, 40.4-38.4 thousand years ago.In the current paper, diatoms were used as proxies to compare the responses of these lakes to the Y-5 (pulse) and the H4 (press) disturbances. Based on stratigraphically constrained incremental sum of squares cluster (CONISS) and unconstrained Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) analyses, we found little evidence that diatom community compositions in either lake responded to the H4 event. However, the Y-5 influx caused clear and rapid diatom community changes. After the initial response, community compositions in Lake Ohrid and, to a lesser extent, in Lake Prespa slowly returned to their quasi pre-disturbance state. Moreover, there is no evidence for disturbance-related extinction events. The combined evidence from these findings suggests that lakes Ohrid and Prespa likely did not experience regime shifts. It is therefore concluded that both lakes show resilience to environmental disturbance. However, it seems that Lake Ohrid is more resilient than Lake Prespa, as the recovery of diatom communities is more pronounced and its estimated recovery time is only ca. 1100 years vs. ca. 4000 years in Lake Prespa. The reasons for the differential responses remain largely unknown, but differences in geology, lake age, limnology, and intrinsic parameters of the diatom proxies may play an important role.

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Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene

et al. 2016

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“…A * 600-m-long master sediment sequence was retrieved from the deepest part of the lake. Being one of the most abundant microfossils in the sedimentary archive of the lake, diatoms were intensively studied as one of the most important biological proxies which can provide information about the past in-lake paleo-processes and the past environmental and climate conditions in the area (Reed et al, 2010;Cvetkoska et al, 2012Cvetkoska et al, , 2016Jovanovska et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Implication For Diatom Ecology and Palaeoecology In Lake Ohridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of diatom diversity and community structure in ancient Lake Ohrid

et al. 2018

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The extraordinary diversity in long-lived lakes is largely driven by distinct eco-evolutionary processes. With their unique biota and numerous endemic taxa, these lakes are key settings for fundamental studies related to ecology, diversity, and evolution. Here, we test how the environment shapes diatom diversity and community patterns over space in ancient Lake Ohrid. By applying Bray-Curtis similarity analyses of diatom community data, including widespread and endemic taxa, we identified two major zones: littoral and sublittoral. The latter one is being characterized with higher endemic diversity. The a and b diatom diversity and community distribution in the northern and eastern part of the lake are influenced by the presence of vertical (bathymetrical) and horizontal barriers. The zonation of the diatom communities appears driven by two large-scale factors: (i) water depth, and (ii) water chemistry, primarily, the concentration of total phosphorus, nitrogen ammonia, and conductivity. Both drivers appear to equally influence diatom diversity and community patterns. We present initial data on diatom-environment relations, where the results support earlier ecological studies emphasizing the relevance of ongoing human-induced eutrophication in the northern lake area. This study provides background information on the role of the environment in structuring contemporary diatom diversity. However, future research needs to focus on the biotic component including species competition in order to reveal the mechanisms driving spatial community dynamics in Lake Ohrid.

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“…At Lake Ohrid, for example, 571 variations in the length of local insolation during summer and winter trigger changes in the primary 572 productivity and mixing in the lake (Francke et al, 2016). These variations affect the TOC content of 573 Lake Ohrid´s sediments, which allow tuning the total organic carbon concentrations with the Earth´s 574 orbital parameters (i.e., local summer insolation and winter season length).…”

Section: ) 567mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowaczyk et al, 2013;Francke et al, 2016). For example, the chronology of the global benthic isotope 593 stack LR04, which is frequently used as reference record (see above), comprises uncertainties in a range 594 of ± 4-40 ky for a timeframe of 05.3 My, as the age model of LR04 is based on tuning the benthic 595 isotope data to the 21 June insolation at 65°N (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005).…”

Section: ) 567mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They 427 absolute chronological information from radiometric and magnetic dating methods, and from varve 511 counting with chronostratigraphic information derived from comparisons of a proxy response to a 512 reference record (e.g., Nowaczyk et al, 2013;Stockhecke et al, 2014;Francke et al, 2016). Similar to 513 dendrochronology (tree ring counting), varve counting provides robust age-depth control points as 514 varves consist of thin (millimeter scale), characteristic seasonal summer and winter deposits (so-called 515 laminea).…”

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Scientific drilling projects in ancient lakes: Integrating geological and biological histories

Wilke

Wagner

Bocxlaer

et al. 2016

Global and Planetary Change

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Sedimentary sequences in ancient or long-lived lakes can reach several thousands of meters in thickness and often provide an unrivalled perspective of the lake's regional climatic, environmental, and biological history. Over the last few years, deep-drilling projects in ancient lakes became increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary, as, among others, seismological, sedimentological, biogeochemical, climatic, environmental, paleontological, and evolutionary information can be obtained from sediment cores. However, these multi- and interdisciplinary projects pose several challenges. The scientists involved typically approach problems from different scientific perspectives and backgrounds, and setting up the program requires clear communication and the alignment of interests. One of the most challenging tasks, besides the actual drilling operation, is to link diverse datasets with varying resolution, data quality, and age uncertainties to answer interdisciplinary questions synthetically and coherently. These problems are especially relevant when secondary data, i.e., datasets obtained independently of the drilling operation, are incorporated in analyses. Nonetheless, the inclusion of secondary information, such as isotopic data from fossils found in outcrops or genetic data from extant species, may help to achieve synthetic answers. Recent technological and methodological advances in paleolimnology are likely to increase the possibilities of integrating secondary information. Some of the new approaches have started to revolutionize scientific drilling in ancient lakes, but at the same time, they also add a new layer of complexity to the generation and analysis of sediment-core data. The enhanced opportunities presented by new scientific approaches to study the paleolimnological history of these lakes, therefore, come at the expense of higher logistic, communication, and analytical efforts. Here we review types of data that can be obtained in ancient lake drilling projects and the analytical approaches that can be applied to empirically and statistically link diverse datasets to create an integrative perspective on geological and biological data. In doing so, we highlight strengths and potential weaknesses of new methods and analyses, and provide recommendations for future interdisciplinary deep-drilling projects

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Complexity of diatom response to Lateglacial and Holocene climate and environmental change in ancient, deep and oligotrophic Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania)

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene

Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene

Spatial patterns of diatom diversity and community structure in ancient Lake Ohrid

Scientific drilling projects in ancient lakes: Integrating geological and biological histories

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