Complexity of chemical products, plants, processes and control systems

Wall, K. F.

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2009.03.007

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A complex system, on the other hand, is a system whose output ''cannot be readily determined by looking at the behaviour of the individual component subsystems in isolation.'' 61 A common thread is that complexity makes it difficult to understand and predict system behavior. Even though we started out quite pessimistically by pinpointing the lack of a unified definition or theory of complexity, we believe that complexity science can offer valuable insight into the field of risk assessment.…”

Section: Perplexity By Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining complexity for risk assessment of sociotechnical systems: A conceptual framework

Johansen

Rausand

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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This article aims to shed light on the meaning of complexity for risk assessment of sociotechnical systems. The point of departure is that complexity is related to uncertainty as an indication of confidence in risk assessment. Complexity science points to limitations in risk analysis that owe to a mismatch between the nature of sociotechnical systems and how we approach them in search of prediction and control. Complexity complements uncertainty in three ways: as a source of uncertainty, as an additional type of uncertainty concerning deviations from what is designed, planned or assumed, and as an overall indication of limitations in the analysis with respect to potential for surprise. A new framework is suggested to clarify and make the concept of practical value to risk assessment. The framework consists of a definition, a conceptual map, an ontological and epistemological position, and a set of indicators. Complexity is explained in the conjunction of an analyst, a system, and a chosen model and is conditioned on the state of knowledge and the assessment context. It is epistemic in the sense that it resides in the analyst's understanding of the system and not in the system as such. A challenging implication is that complexity is relative in many respects, but this also provides opportunities for approaching it in risk assessment. The indicators can help to acknowledge, reduce, and describe complexity in preassessment, risk analysis, and risk evaluation.

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Section: Perplexity By Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining complexity for risk assessment of sociotechnical systems: A conceptual framework

Johansen

Rausand

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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“…Model-based approaches rely on expert knowledge of the processes and the underlying physical relations. Gaining expert knowledge of the whole system is a very complicated undertaking, while, ultimately, due to their inherent complexity, both the process and the production elements here are affected by a large number of factors [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Wave Mode-Based Application for Contactless Density Measurement of Highly Aerated Batters

Metzenmacher

Geier

Becker

2023

Foods

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An ultrasonic wave mode-based method for density measurement in highly foamed batters was developed. Therefore, a non-contact ultrasonic sensor system was designed to generate signals for batch-wise processes. An ultrasonic sensor, containing a piezoelectric ceramic at the fundamental longitudinal frequency of 2 MHz, was used to take impedance measurements in pulse-echo mode. The ultrasonic signals were processed and analysed wave-mode wise, using a feature-driven approach. The measurements were carried out for different mixing times within a container, with the attached ultrasonic sensor. Within the biscuit batter, the change to the ultrasonic signals caused by density changes during the batter-mixing process was monitored (R2 = 0.96). The density range detected by the sensor ranges between 500 g/L and 1000 g/L. The ultrasonic sensor system developed also shows a reasonable level of accuracy for the measurements of biscuit batter variations (R2 > 0.94). The main benefit of this novel technique, which comprises multiple wave modes for signal features and combines these features with the relevant process parameters, leads to a more robust system as regards to multiple interference factors.

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2020

Process Engineering Renewal 2

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Complexity of chemical products, plants, processes and control systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Defining complexity for risk assessment of sociotechnical systems: A conceptual framework

Defining complexity for risk assessment of sociotechnical systems: A conceptual framework

Ultrasonic Wave Mode-Based Application for Contactless Density Measurement of Highly Aerated Batters

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