Complexity-Based Biometric Signature Verification

Abstract

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Investigating the Common Authorship of Signatures by Off-Line Automatic Signature Verification Without the Use of Reference Signatures

“…It involves dividing the entire problem into several sub problems depending on the complexity of the signatures being questioned and developing different strategies for each complexity level. This proposal is reasonable, as it is well known that the quality of forgeries depends on the complexity of the signature, among other properties [9], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63].…”

“…In [66] the authors propose to take into account the signature lengths, the number of pronounced directional changes in the line, or overwritings, the length of the pen-downs and complex pen patterns. However, quantifying the complexity in signatures remains an open challenge [50], although significant advances have been recently made for on-line signatures [61], [62], [63].…”

A Perspective Analysis of Handwritten Signature Technology

“…Number of strokes/lognormals [83,248], * mathematical transformations (Wavelet [98,200,202,203], * Radon [268], * fractal [84], ** or others like total number, mean, and maximum of intra-/interstroke intersections, the number of x-axes, zero-crossings and the signature length [81,91,93,154,202,246,250]*), symbolic representation [7], * code vectors [234], * Sigma-lognormal based [83,102], * ...…”

“…A complete framework for statistical assessment of signature complexity has been also defined. This is based on static and dynamic features, for example, the number of strokes (defined in terms of lognormals in [248]), the total number of intra-/interstroke intersections, the means of intra-/interstroke intersections, the maximum of intra-/interstroke intersections, the number of x-axis intersections, the sums of the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity and acceleration at zero-crossings, and the signature length [154].…”

Exploiting complexity in pen- and touch-based signature biometrics

“…as a motivation for our study. A preliminary version of the proposed signature complexity approach was introduced in [16]. In that study only the pen stylus scenario was considered through the Biose-curID database [17].…”