Complexity and function of cytokine responses in experimental infection by Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus granulosus: Immunoprotection accompanyied by humoral and cytokine response against secondary hydatidosis in mice immunized with rEg.myophilin

“…The similar results are reported by earlier research about effects of IL-10 in studies of Eg. infection or other recombinant vaccine candidate tests (Rigano et al 2007;Baz et al 2006;Fraize et al 2005;Ortona et al 2003). It indicated cell immunity is further polarized into Th1 after vaccination of rEg.myophilin, but how rEg.myophilin inhibits secretion of IL-10 in PSCs challenged mice, need further studies.…”

Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

“…This escape of host immunosurveillance is achieved by Ag B and other E. granulosus Ags interfering with monocyte differentiation and by modulating DC maturation via TLR (22). As emphasized previously, Th1 responses are responsible for damaging the parasite whereas Th2-promoting cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, are beneficial for parasite growth (40) and are responsible for the inhibition of parasite killing through the action of IL-10 and other mediators that can inhibit the effector phase of the cellular immune response (35). Consistently, a shift in the cytokine response toward a type 1 expression pattern in humans or mice reduces parasite growth (60,63,75).…”

“…Patients with chronic CE generate both Th1 and Th2 responses (40). As Th1 and Th2 cytokines usually down-regulate each other (41), this is likely due to echinococcal Ags containing distinct epitopes for each T cell subset (42,43).…”

Recent Advances in the Immunology and Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis

“…Patients with chronic CE generate both Th1 and Th2 responses (Baz et al, 2006). Given the recent advances in understanding the immunoregulatory capabilities of helminthic infections, it has been suggested that Th2 responses play a crucial role in chronic helminthiasis (Allen and Maizels, 2011).…”